FNP Pediatric Practice Questions

FNP Pediatric Practice Questions Related

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Mr. and Ms. Byers' child failed to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth; this may indicate which of the following?

  • A. Celiac disease
  • B. Intussusception
  • C. Hirschsprung's disease
  • D. Abdominal-wall defect
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth is a characteristic sign of Hirschsprung's disease. This condition is a congenital disorder in which there is a lack of ganglion cells in certain portions of the large intestine. As a result, the affected segment of the bowel is unable to relax and pass stool, leading to the accumulation of meconium in the intestine. This condition can present with symptoms such as abdominal distension, constipation, and failure to pass stool. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as bowel perforation.

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A 3-day-old neonate has a large, soft, painless mass involving the head and neck region that mostly transilluminate; CT scan reveals a cystic mass involving the neck and intrathoracic mediastinum. The BEST modality for treatment of this neonate is

  • A. surgical resection
  • B. injection sclerosing agent
  • C. laser therapy
  • D. systemic interferon therapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Surgical resection is the definitive treatment for cystic hygroma.

A nurse is reviewing acid-base laboratory data on a newborn admitted to the NICU for meconium aspiration. Which laboratory values should the nurse report to the physician? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. pH: 7.35
  • B. PCO : 49
  • C. HCO -: 30
  • D. PaO : 96
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: pH: 7.35 - This pH value is within the normal range for a newborn and does not indicate acidosis or alkalosis.

Which of the following is not a criterion for a valid informed consent that a nurse should identify?

  • A. freely given
  • B. with coercion
  • C. has an explanation of procedures
  • D. describes the alternatives
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Coercion should not be involved in obtaining informed consent as it undermines the voluntary nature of the decision-making process. Informed consent should be freely given by the patient without any form of pressure or manipulation. The other criteria for valid informed consent that a nurse should identify include that it is freely given, includes an explanation of procedures, and describes the alternatives available to the patient.

Biopsy is not usually performed for a child with suspicion of Wilms tumor EXCEPT

  • A. age of 2-3 year
  • B. signs of inflammation or infection
  • C. significant lymph node enlargement radiologically
  • D. intratumoral calcification radiologically
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Presence of intratumoral calcifications may warrant biopsy to rule out other diagnoses.

Which is usually the only symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?

  • A. Itching
  • B. Vesicles
  • C. Scalp rash
  • D. Localized inflammatory response
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most common symptom of pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice infestation, is itching of the scalp. Head lice feed on blood from the scalp, leading to irritation and allergic reactions, causing itching. Itching is often more prominent behind the ears and at the nape of the neck where head lice tend to lay their eggs (nits). While secondary symptoms such as scalp rash, vesicles, and localized inflammatory responses can occur due to scratching or allergic reactions, itching is typically the initial and predominant symptom of head lice infestation.

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