Nokea
Mrs. J, a 40-year-old woman, was recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following is most likely to be included in her treatment plan?
- A. A high-protein diet
- B. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
- C. A high-fiber diet
- D. Low-sodium medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is the mainstay of treatment for hypothyroidism to restore normal thyroid function.
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Narcolepsy is treated with:
- A. Amphetamine
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Isoprenaline
- D. Salbutamol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amphetamine. Amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that helps manage narcolepsy symptoms by promoting wakefulness. It increases levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, enhancing alertness. Adrenaline (B), Isoprenaline (C), and Salbutamol (D) are not typically used to treat narcolepsy as they do not directly target the underlying cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. Adrenaline and Isoprenaline are more commonly used for acute situations like anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest. Salbutamol is a bronchodilator used for conditions like asthma.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. On physical assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hypertension, peripheral edema, and petechiae
- B. Weight loss, buffalo hump, and moon face with acne
- C. Abdominal and buttock striae, truncal obesity, and hypotension
- D. Anorexia, signs of dehydration, and hyperpigmentation of the skin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing syndrome typically presents with signs such as hypertension, peripheral edema, petechiae, and striae due to the effects of excess cortisol.
Which of the following is NOT true of Cushing syndrome?
- A. trunk (torso) becomes obese
- B. basic blood pH
- C. moon-shaped face
- D. hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Cushing syndrome is characterized by hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion.
2. Option D states hyposecretion, which is incorrect for Cushing syndrome.
3. Trunk obesity, moon-shaped face, and alkalosis (basic blood pH) are characteristic features of Cushing syndrome.
4. Thus, option D is the correct answer because it is not a true characteristic of Cushing syndrome.
Summary:
Option D is incorrect because Cushing syndrome is associated with hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion. Options A, B, and C are true characteristics of Cushing syndrome, making them incorrect choices.
A 72-year-old woman is diagnosed with diabetes. What does the nurse recognize about the management of diabetes in the older adult?
- A. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients.
- B. It usually is not treated unless the patient becomes severely hyperglycemic.
- C. It does not include treatment with insulin because of limited dexterity and vision.
- D. It usually requires that a younger family member be responsible for care of the patient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In older adults, achieving strict glucose control may be more difficult due to factors such as comorbidities, polypharmacy, and decreased physiological reserve.
What gland is located just superior to the kidneys?
- A. Pituitary
- B. Pancreas
- C. Ovaries
- D. Adrenal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adrenal. The adrenal glands are located just superior to the kidneys. They are responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone. The other choices are incorrect because the pituitary gland is located in the brain, the pancreas is located in the abdominal cavity, and the ovaries are located in the pelvic region. The adrenal glands are the only glands located just superior to the kidneys, making choice D the correct answer.