Nokea
Mrs. Post has just been told of her diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She is upset, communicating that she often has no pain or other symptoms. What would be your best initial response?
- A. Perhaps there is an error in the diagnosis.
- B. Why don't you ask your physician about your concerns.
- C. Many times patients with SLE have periods of exacerbations and remission.
- D. Tell me why you are so upset about the diagnosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Explaining the nature of SLE can help alleviate confusion and anxiety.
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Which joint surgery is used to arthroscopically remove degenerative tissue in joints?
- A. Osteotomy
- B. Arthrodesis
- C. Debridement
- D. Synovectomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Debridement removes damaged tissue arthroscopically.
The patient with multiple sclerosis tells the nursing assistant that after physical therapy she is too tired to take a bath. What is your priority nursing diagnosis at this time?
- A. Fatigue related to disease state
- B. Activity Intolerance due to generalized weakness
- C. Impaired Physical Mobility related to neuromuscular impairment
- D. Self-care Deficit related to fatigue and neuromuscular weakness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom in MS and is directly indicated by the patient's statement.
To elicit a Plantar reflex:
- A. Gently tap the Achilles tendon
- B. Stroke the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from heel to ball
- C. Present a noxious odor to a person
- D. Observe the person walking heel to toe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Plantar reflex is elicited by stroking the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from the heel to the ball of the foot with a blunt object. This tests the integrity of the corticospinal tract. A normal response in adults is plantar flexion of the toes.
Which type of tissue is in the image? (Figure 1)
- A. Compact bone
- B. Fibrocartilage
- C. Smooth muscle
- D. Simple squamous epithelial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelial tissue is the correct answer because it consists of a single layer of flat cells, which is characteristic of the tissue shown in Figure 1. This type of tissue is found in areas where rapid diffusion or filtration is required, such as the lining of blood vessels and the alveoli of the lungs. Its thin structure allows for efficient exchange of gases and nutrients.
The anal reflex mainly depends on which segment
- A. S1
- B. S2
- C. S3
- D. S4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The anal reflex tests the S3 and S4 nerve roots, which innervate the external anal sphincter. This reflex is important in assessing sacral nerve function.