Practice Questions for Respiratory System

Practice Questions for Respiratory System Related

Review Practice Questions for Respiratory System related questions and content

Myoglobin is a muscle hemoglobin which exhibits Hyperbolic oxygen dissociation curve indicating its great affinity towards Oxygen (Non-cooperative binding). The Hyperbolic nature of the curve is due to

  • A. Single polypeptide (153 amino acids) and Monomeric nature
  • B. High concentration in the muscle
  • C. Muscle protein
  • D. Quarternary structure
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A being correct:
1. Myoglobin is composed of a single polypeptide chain with 153 amino acids, making it monomeric.
2. Being monomeric, myoglobin does not exhibit cooperative binding, leading to a hyperbolic oxygen dissociation curve.
3. The lack of multiple subunits in myoglobin results in non-cooperative binding and a hyperbolic curve.
4. The monomeric nature allows myoglobin to have a simple structure, enhancing its affinity for oxygen.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: High concentration in the muscle does not directly explain the hyperbolic curve.
C: Being a muscle protein does not inherently determine the hyperbolic nature of the oxygen dissociation curve.
D: Quaternary structure would involve multiple subunits, leading to cooperative binding and a sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve.

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Smoking has been shown to cause

  • A. bronchitis.
  • B. emphysema.
  • C. lung cancer.
  • D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Smoking causes bronchitis due to inflammation of bronchial tubes, emphysema by damaging air sacs in lungs, and lung cancer from carcinogens. Therefore, "D: all of the above" is correct as smoking leads to all these respiratory health issues. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as smoking is linked to all three conditions.

Which statement is false about anatomical dead space?

  • A. Anatomical dead space varies with age
  • B. Can be estimated by the Fowlers method
  • C. Significantly large in shallow breathing
  • D. Measured by plotting N2 concentration against expired volume as in Bohr’s method
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Bohr's method measures physiological dead space, not anatomical dead space. Anatomical dead space is constant and not affected by N2 concentration. A: Anatomical dead space does vary with age due to changes in lung dimensions. B: Fowlers method estimates anatomical dead space by measuring tidal volume and respiratory rate. C: Anatomical dead space is not significantly large in shallow breathing as it mainly involves the conducting airways, not the alveoli.

Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.

  • A. apneustic
  • B. pneumotaxic
  • C. expiratory
  • D. baroreceptor
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: apneustic. Stimulation of the apneustic center in the brainstem prolongs inspiration by sending signals to the respiratory muscles to maintain inspiration. The apneustic center plays a role in regulating the depth and duration of breathing.

Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Pneumotaxic center helps regulate the respiratory rate by inhibiting inspiration, not prolonging it.
C: Expiratory center is responsible for controlling expiration, not inspiration.
D: Baroreceptor center is involved in regulating blood pressure, not respiratory functions.

Which statement by a patient with newly diagnosed heart failure indicates to the nurse that the teaching was effective?

  • A. I will call the clinic if my weight goes up 3 pounds in a week.
  • B. I will take furosemide (Lasix) every day just before bedtime.
  • C. I will use the nitroglycerin patch whenever I have chest pain.
  • D. I will weigh myself every week with the same scale.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates understanding of monitoring for fluid retention, a common issue in heart failure. Calling the clinic if weight increases by 3 pounds in a week allows for early intervention. Choice B is incorrect because taking furosemide at bedtime may disrupt sleep and increase nighttime urination. Choice C is incorrect as nitroglycerin is for acute chest pain, not a preventative measure. Choice D is incorrect because weighing weekly may not catch sudden weight changes that indicate worsening heart failure.

Which vertebrate body system is most closely associated functionally with respiration?

  • A. urinary
  • B. digestive
  • C. endocrine
  • D. circulatory
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: circulatory system. This system is most closely associated with respiration as it transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and removes carbon dioxide. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The other choices (A: urinary, B: digestive, C: endocrine) are not directly involved in the process of respiration and do not play a significant role in the exchange of gases in the body.

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