Name the gland that is located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the laryngeal prominence ('Adam's apple').
- A. Pituitary
- B. Hypothalamus
- C. Thyroid
- D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thyroid. The thyroid gland is located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the laryngeal prominence. It is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and growth. The pituitary gland (A) is located in the brain and controls other endocrine glands. The hypothalamus (B) is also in the brain and regulates hormone production. The pineal gland (D) is located in the brain and produces melatonin. Thyroid is correct due to its anatomical location and function in hormone regulation.
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Iodine-containing hormones:
- A. include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- B. are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones.
- C. are steroids.
- D. regulate the metabolic rate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because iodine-containing hormones, such as thyroid hormones, regulate the metabolic rate by influencing the body's energy production and utilization. TSH (choice A) is not an iodine-containing hormone but a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Hypothalamus releasing hormones (choice B) are not iodine-containing hormones. Steroids (choice C) are a different class of hormones that do not contain iodine. In summary, choice D is correct as iodine-containing hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolic rate, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe this function.
Why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis?
- A. The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus.
- B. The neurohypophysis secretes releasing hormones.
- C. The posterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate adenohypophyseal function.
- D. The posterior pituitary gland secretes releasing hormones.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. This connection between the two structures allows for direct neural control over hormone release.
Option B is incorrect because the neurohypophysis does not secrete releasing hormones; rather, it releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Option C is incorrect because the posterior pituitary gland does not regulate adenohypophyseal function; instead, it stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Option D is incorrect because the posterior pituitary gland does not secrete releasing hormones; it releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
Which of the following can be performed to determine a client's general status and rule out disorders?
- A. A complete blood count
- B. A complete blood count and chemistry profile
- C. Chemistry profile
- D. Radiographs of the chest or abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A complete blood count (CBC) and a chemistry profile provide a comprehensive overview of a client's general health status and help in ruling out various disorders.
To assure accuracy of a urine test for glucose and acetone, the nurse instructs the patient to
- A. perform the urine test one-half hour after meals and at bedtime
- B. drink three glasses of water before the test
- C. void one-half hour before the test, then at the time of the test
- D. increase carbohydrate intake if the results are negative
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To ensure accurate results, the patient should void before the test and then test the urine at the specified time.
Donepezil is a reversible anti-cholinesterase used in the treatment of:
- A. Glaucoma
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Urine retention
- D. Alzheimer disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Donepezil is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease because it is a reversible anti-cholinesterase that helps improve cognitive function by increasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain. This neurotransmitter is important for memory and learning, which are affected in Alzheimer's disease.
Choice A (Glaucoma) is incorrect because Donepezil does not treat this condition. Choice B (Bradycardia) is incorrect because Donepezil does not affect heart rate. Choice C (Urine retention) is incorrect because Donepezil does not have any impact on urinary function.
In summary, the correct answer is D (Alzheimer's disease) because Donepezil's mechanism of action aligns with the cognitive deficits seen in this condition, while the other choices are not related to the drug's pharmacological effects.