Nokea
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
- A. Is widely distributed in the body only when the gum products are used
- B. Does not cross the placenta and so is safe for pregnant women
- C. Delays healing of esophagitis and peptic ulcers
- D. Has no drug interactions when a transdermal patch is used
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NRT delays GI ulcer healing due to nicotine's effects on acid secretion.
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The volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug that is completely retained in the vascular compartment would be?
- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Unchanged
- D. Cannot be determined
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A drug confined to the vascular compartment (e.g., plasma) has a low Vd, close to plasma volume (about 0.06 L/kg), indicating limited distribution.
Which statement accurately describes a drug agonist?
- A. A drug that reacts with specific receptor sites on a cell and prevents the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on that cell
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalysts for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with certain receptor sites, preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.
A patient may develop neutropenia from using topical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is a(n):
- A. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
- B. Immune complex hypersensitivity
- C. Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
- D. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutropenia from Silvadene (silver sulfadiazine) is a Type II cytotoxic reaction , targeting blood cells, not immune complex , immediate , or delayed .
The 'donut hole' in Medicare Part D:
- A. Will be totally eliminated with the federal health-care reform enacted in 2010
- B. Refers to the period of time when annual individual drug costs are between 250 and 2,250 per year and drug costs are covered 75%
- C. Refers to the period between when the annual individual drug costs are 2,970 and 4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of the costs of brand name drugs (2013)
- D. Has no effect on whether patients continue to fill their prescriptions during the coverage gap
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The donut hole (2013) is the coverage gap where patients pay more out-of-pocket.
Characteristics of vitamin D and its metabolites include which of the following?
- A. Act to decrease serum levels of calcium
- B. Activation of vitamin D receptors in the major cells of
- C. Calcitriol is the major derivative responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of phosphate
- D. Metabolites of vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.