Nokea
Nurse Angie added that oral contraceptives also contains progesterone. Which of the following is the action of progesterone in contraception? It inhibits _______.
- A. Testosterone production
- B. GnRH thereby inhibiting FSH and LH productions.
- C. Luteinising Hormone (LH) thereby inhibiting ovulation.
- D. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) thereby inhibiting maturation of ovum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Progesterone in oral contraceptives works primarily by inhibiting ovulation. It suppresses the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which is essential for triggering the release of an egg (ovulation) from the ovary. By blocking ovulation, progesterone helps prevent pregnancy by making it less likely for a mature egg to be available for fertilization. This mechanism of action is a key factor in the effectiveness of progesterone-containing contraceptives in preventing pregnancy.
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Which of the following actions is appropriate for managing a conscious patient with a suspected stroke?
- A. Administering aspirin immediately.
- B. Placing the patient in a supine position.
- C. Encouraging the patient to eat and drink.
- D. Activating emergency medical services (EMS) for rapid transport to a stroke center.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Activating emergency medical services (EMS) for rapid transport to a stroke center is the most appropriate action for managing a conscious patient with a suspected stroke. Time is critical in stroke care, and receiving specialized treatment at a stroke center as soon as possible can significantly improve outcomes for stroke patients. EMS providers are trained to recognize the signs of stroke and can begin essential pre-hospital care measures while en route to the hospital. Administering aspirin immediately is not recommended without medical evaluation, as certain types of strokes (such as hemorrhagic strokes) can be worsened by aspirin. Placing the patient in a supine position may not be ideal, as maintaining an elevated position can help prevent aspiration in stroke patients. Encouraging the patient to eat and drink is not appropriate, as swallowing difficulties are common in stroke patients and can lead to aspiration pneumonia.
Which of the following imaging modalities is most appropriate for evaluating suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in a pregnant patient?
- A. Chest X-ray
- B. Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
- C. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography
- D. Transthoracic echocardiography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a pregnant patient with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), the most appropriate imaging modality for evaluation is contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography. This imaging technique has been shown to be safe for the fetus when necessary, especially if the benefits of making a diagnosis outweigh the minimal risks associated with radiation exposure. It provides quick and accurate detection of PE with high sensitivity and specificity.
Which of the following are essential components of informed consent? I. explanation of the procedure and alternatives to the procedure II. discussion of potential risks and benefits of the procedure III. confirmation that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and any alterations
- A. I, III
- B. II, III
- C. I, II
- D. I, II, III
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All of the components -explanation of the procedure and alternatives to the procedure (I), discussion of potential risks and benefits of the procedure (II), and confirmation that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and any alterations (III) -are essential parts of informed consent. Providing information about the procedure and its alternatives, disclosing potential risks and benefits, and ensuring that the patient comprehends this information are crucial to obtaining valid informed consent prior to any medical procedure.
A patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin therapy. Which adverse effect is associated with metformin use and requires immediate medical attention?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Lactic acidosis
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Peripheral neuropathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the rare but serious adverse effects associated with metformin use is lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis results from the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as weakness, rapid breathing, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. Lactic acidosis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. It is important for patients taking metformin to be aware of the signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis and seek immediate medical help if they experience any of these symptoms. Regular monitoring of kidney function is crucial in patients taking metformin to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis.
The statements of the findings of the study that will be formulated by Myra should be by_
- A. summarizing the sharings of the participants of both sexes
- B. identifying the answers of the males and the females
- C. describing answers of the males and females by percentages
- D. extracting meanings and themes from significant statements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct approach for formulating statements of findings in a study is to extract meanings and themes from significant statements. This involves analyzing the data collected, identifying patterns or themes that emerge from the responses, and then formulating statements that encapsulate these findings. By doing so, the researcher can accurately capture the essence of the data and present meaningful conclusions based on the analysis. This process goes beyond merely summarizing or describing the responses and delves deeper into the interpretations and implications of the findings.