NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions

NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Related

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Nurse Lina gives discharge instructions to Aling Maria, who is experiencing an exacerbation of COPD because of an upper respiratory tract infection, regarding her diet at home. Which of the following food choices would be appropriate?

  • A. low fat low cholesterol
  • B. low sodium diet
  • C. bland soft diet
  • D. high calorie high protein
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A patient experiencing an exacerbation of COPD, especially due to an infection, requires a diet that is high in calories and protein. This is because during exacerbations, the body's energy requirements increase due to increased work of breathing and inflammation. High-calorie intake helps provide the necessary energy for breathing and healing. Additionally, a high-protein diet is important for maintaining respiratory and skeletal muscle strength, which can be affected during exacerbations of COPD. Therefore, a high-calorie high-protein diet would be most appropriate for Aling Maria to support her recovery and overall health during this period.

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Which is an accurate description of a Kasai procedure?

  • A. A palliative procedure in which the bile duct is attached to a loop of bowel to assist with bile drainage.
  • B. A curative procedure that connects the bile duct to the bowel.
  • C. A curative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
  • D. A palliative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Kasai procedure is a palliative surgery for biliary atresia that helps restore bile flow and delays the need for liver transplantation.

Although children with Wilms tumor have a favorable prognosis, there are some adverse prognostic factors in children with Wilms tumor EXCEPT

  • A. large tumors
  • B. anaplastic histology
  • C. loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p and 16q
  • D. young age at diagnosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Young age at diagnosis is generally associated with a favorable prognosis.

Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?

  • A. Seizures
  • B. Cardiac arrhythmias
  • C. Pulmonary hypertension
  • D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. One of the most serious complications of rheumatic fever is cardiac involvement, specifically damage to the heart valves. This occurs due to the body's immune response attacking the heart valves as a result of molecular mimicry between streptococcal antigens and human tissues. The damage to the heart valves can result in conditions like mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation, which can lead to heart failure if not managed appropriately. Therefore, cardiac valve damage is a common and serious complication of rheumatic fever that requires monitoring and treatment to prevent long-term consequences.

Approximately how much fluid is lost in acute weight loss of .5kg?

  • A. 50 ml
  • B. 750 ml
  • C. 500 ml
  • D. 75 ml
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a person loses 0.5 kg of weight, it is commonly assumed that most of the weight loss is due to fluid loss. The approximate fluid loss for every 0.5 kg of weight loss is around 500 ml. This estimation is based on the fact that 1 kg of body weight is approximately equivalent to 1 liter of fluid. Therefore, for a 0.5 kg weight loss, the fluid loss would be approximately 500 ml (0.5 liters).

In neuroblastoma, metastatic spread can occur via local invasion or distant hematogenous/lymphatic routes. The LEAST common site of metastases in neuroblastoma is

  • A. long bone
  • B. bone marrow
  • C. lung
  • D. skin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Skin metastases are rare in neuroblastoma compared to bone, bone marrow, and lung involvement.

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