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Nurses have different educational backgrounds and function under many titles in their practice setting. If a nurse practicing in an oncology clinic had the goal of improving patient outcomes and nursing care by influencing the patient, the nurse, and the health care system, what would most accurately describe this nurses title?
- A. Nursing care expert
- B. Clinical nurse specialist
- C. Nurse manager
- D. Staff nurse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical nurse specialists are prepared as specialists who practice within a circumscribed area of care (e.g., cardiovascular, oncology). They define their roles as having five major components: clinical practice, education, management, consultation, and research. The other answers are incorrect because they are not the most accurate titles for this nurse.
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The public health nurse is presenting a health promotion class to a group of new mothers. How should the nurse best define health?
- A. Health is being disease free.
- B. Health is having fulfillment in all domains of life.
- C. Health is having psychological and physiological harmony.
- D. Health is being connected in body, mind, and spirit.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health in the preamble to its constitution as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. The other answers are incorrect because they are not congruent with the WHO definition of health.
A group of nursing students are learning about recent changes in the pattern of disease in the United States. Which of the following statements best describes these current changes?
- A. Infectious diseases continue to decrease in incidence and prevalence.
- B. Chronic illnesses are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment.
- C. Most acute, infectious diseases have been eradicated.
- D. Most, but not all, communicable diseases are declining.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although some infectious diseases have been controlled or eradicated, others are on the rise. Antibiotic resistance is a more serious problem in acute, not chronic, illnesses.
Nurses now have the option to practice in a variety of settings and one of the fastest growing venues of practice for the nurse in todays health care environment is home health care. What is the main basis for the growth in this health care setting?
- A. Chronic nursing shortage
- B. Western focus on treatment of disease
- C. Nurses preferences for day shifts instead of evening or night shifts
- D. Discharge of patients who are more critically ill
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: With shorter hospital stays and increased use of outpatient health care services, more nursing care is provided in the home and community setting. The other answers are incorrect because they are not the basis for the growth in nursing care delivered in the home setting.
A medical-surgical nurse is aware of the scope of practice as defined in the state where the nurse provides care. This nurses compliance with the nurse practice act demonstrates adherence to which of the following?
- A. National Council of Nursings guidelines for care
- B. National League for Nursings Code of Conduct
- C. American Nurses Associations Social Policy Statement
- D. Department of Health and Human Services White Paper on Nursing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurses have a responsibility to carry out their role as described in the Social Policy Statement to comply with the nurse practice act of the state in which they practice and to comply with the Code of Ethics for Nurses as spelled out by the ANA (2001) and the International Council of Nurses (International Council of Nurses [ICN], 2006). The other answers are incorrect; the Code of Ethics for nursing is not included in the ANAs white paper. The DHHS has not published a white paper on nursing nor has the NLN published a specific code of conduct.
The ANA has identified central characteristics of nursing practice that are applicable across the wide variety of contexts in which nurses practice. A nurse can best demonstrate these principles by performing which of the following actions?
- A. Teaching the public about the role of nursing
- B. Taking action to control the costs of health care
- C. Ensuring that all of his or her actions exemplify caring
- D. Making sure to carry adequate liability insurance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ANA emphasizes the fact that caring is central to the practice of the registered nurse. The ANA does not identify teaching the public about nursing, controlling costs, or maintaining insurance as a central tenet of nursing practice.