Nokea
Nurses should understand the chain of infection because it refers to:
- A. the linkages between various forms of microorganisms.
- B. the sequence required for transmission of disease.
- C. the clustering of bacteria in a specific pattern.
- D. increasing virulence patterns among species of microorganisms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infection occurs in a predictable sequence requiring virulence, movement from a reservoir, and entry into a susceptible host.
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A client tells the nurse that his wife's nagging really gets on his nerves. He asks the nurse to talk with her about her nagging during their family session tomorrow afternoon. Which of the following responses is the most therapeutic for the client?
- A. Tell me more specifically about her complaints.
- B. Can you think why she might nag you so much?
- C. I'll help you think about how to bring this up yourself tomorrow afternoon.
- D. Why do you want me to initiate this in tomorrow's session rather than you?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client needs to learn how to communicate directly with his wife about her behavior. The nurse's assistance enables him to practice a new skill and communicates confidence in his ability to confront this situation. Choices 1 and 2 inappropriately direct attention away from the client and toward his wife, who isn't present. Choice 4 implies that there might be a legitimate reason for the nurse to assume responsibility for something that rightfully belongs to the client. Instead of focusing on his problems, he'll waste precious time convincing the nurse that he or she should do his work.
The three major sequential maturational crises for females include:
- A. puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.
- B. death of a spouse, menopause, and childbirth.
- C. rape, divorce, and menarche.
- D. dating, engagement, and separation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The three major sequential maturational crises affecting females are puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. These are life events that have been studied by many researchers and are considered the major events in a woman's life. Puberty is the onset menarche. Pregnancy is a turning point in one's life from which there is no return. Menopause is the cessation of menses. The nurse has the responsibility to assess, plan, implement appropriate concepts to facilitate effective functioning, and enhance growth and development. Other options are not sequential maturational crises.
A nurse is teaching a group of clients with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia who are nearing discharge from a residential care facility. An essential topic to include is:
- A. pathophysiology of the disease and expected symptoms.
- B. how to recognize and manage symptoms of relapse.
- C. the need to take extra medication when feeling stressed.
- D. the importance of contact with follow-up care daily.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients are usually aware of the symptoms that indicate relapse is occurring. The client needs to know how to find a safe environment and to seek help. The first two stages of relapse are more difficult to recognize because they do not present symptoms that indicate psychosis. Initially, the client feels anxious and overwhelmed, and might become withdrawn. This is the crucial period to intervene. The client needs to go to a safe environment with someone who is trusted, avoid negative people, and decrease stimuli and stress.
After the client discusses her relationship with her father, the nurse says, 'Tell me whether I am understanding your relationship with your father. You feel dominated and controlled by him?' This is an example of:
- A. verbalizing the implied.
- B. seeking consensual validation.
- C. encouraging evaluation.
- D. suggesting collaboration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Consensual validation is a technique used to check one's understanding of what the client has said. Consensual validation is the process by which people come to agreement about the meaning and significance of specific symbols. Through this experience, individuals develop the ability to relate effectively.
When discussing the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs, the nurse should include which piece of information?
- A. Lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use is greater in women than men
- B. Hispanics and African Americans have higher levels of alcohol use than Caucasians
- C. Overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age
- D. Heavy use is more common in higher socioeconomic groups because they can afford to buy the drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol and drug use peaks in the mid-20s and decreases with age. Men have higher prevalence, Caucasians report more alcohol use, and heavy use is more common among less educated or unemployed groups.