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Nursing students are learning about the criteria that establish nursing as a profession. Which statements by the students indicate they have correctly described characteristics of a profession? Select all that apply.
- A. Nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge.
- B. Nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice.
- C. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group.
- D. Nursing practice is regulated by the medical profession.
- E. Nursing has a code of ethics.
- F. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research.
Correct Answer: C,E,F
Rationale: Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional group, code of ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-regulation.
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A group of students in a community health course is discussing disaster management. Which nursing leader will the students identify as the founder of the Red Cross?
- A. Clara Barton
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Lillian Wald
- D. Lavinia Dock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Florence Nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Lillian Wald was the founder of public health nursing. Lavinia Dock was a nursing leader and women's rights activist instrumental in establishing women's right to vote.
According to Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2021), 'Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity.' Which actions are consistent with these nursing roles? Select all that apply.
- A. Offering emotional support to a patient overwhelmed by a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer
- B. Making a diagnosis of appendicitis when a patient reports right lower quadrant pain
- C. Providing classes on nutrition and physical activity at a senior center
- D. Administering an antibiotic to a patient with a documented infection
- E. Working with the health department to provide free influenza vaccinations to children
- F. Requesting the health care provider change prescription for the patient whose pain is still unrelieved
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Education, emotional support, nursing interventions such as administering medications, preventing influenza and infectious diseases, and advocating for improved pain management are roles of the nurse. Making a medical diagnosis is not within the scope of professional nursing practice.
A nurse historian is researching changes in professional nursing and nursing education in the mid-20th century. What trend promoted advancement of the profession and of nursing education?
- A. Increased need for nurses and knowledge explosion led to emphasis on education.
- B. Focus on the war effort slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology.
- C. Role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
- D. Nursing care was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, leading to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology.
Nurses in the United States follow regulations outlined by each state's nurse practice act. A nurse moving to a different state anticipates finding which elements are common to all states' nurse practice acts?
- A. Definition of the legal scope of nursing practice for those registered
- B. Provision of continuing education programs to meet state requirements
- C. Determining the scope of content covered in the NCLEX examination
- D. Creating institutional policies for health care practices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: State nurse practice acts regulate practice by defining the legal scope of practice, creating a state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulations, define important terms and activities in nursing, and establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The state's board of nursing has the legal authority define the education required to take NCLEX but does not provide that education or determine the content of the examination. The board has the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools to take the licensing examination. Institutional policies are created by the institutions themselves.
A nurse is planning education for a patient who is scheduled for a diagnostic procedure to rule out a cerebral aneurysm. Which aspect of nursing does the nurse use as the basis for education?
- A. Art of nursing
- B. Science of nursing
- C. Caring aspect of nursing
- D. Holistic approach to nursing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care that is provided. In contrast, the skilled application of that knowledge is the art of nursing. Providing holistic care to patients based on the science of nursing is considered the art of nursing.