Nokea
Obesity is now determined to be a disease because: i. Obesity is common. ii. The development of obesity results from established pathophysiology. iii. Obesity results in negative health consequences. iv. Obesity increases mortality.
- A. i and ii
- B. ii and iii
- C. i and iv
- D. ii, iii, and iv
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity's disease tag leans on pathophysiology hormone and brain glitches plus harm like diabetes and higher death rates, not just its spread. Commonness alone doesn't clinch it; mechanisms, outcomes, and mortality do. Clinicians bank on this trio, framing interventions, a chronic shift from mere prevalence to impact.
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You are caring for a patient with esophageal cancer. Which task could be delegated to the nursing assistant?
- A. Assist the patient with oral hygiene
- B. Observe the patient's response to feedings
- C. Facilitate expression of grief or anxiety
- D. Initiate daily weights
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Delegating tasks in nursing hinges on scope of practice. Assisting with oral hygiene is a basic care activity nursing assistants are trained to perform, supporting hygiene needs in esophageal cancer patients who may struggle with swallowing. Observing responses to feedings requires clinical judgment to assess tolerance or complications, a nurse's responsibility. Facilitating emotional expression involves therapeutic communication skills beyond an assistant's training, critical for addressing cancer-related distress. Initiating daily weights implies deciding when to start, requiring understanding of fluid status assistants can weigh patients but not initiate the process independently. Oral hygiene delegation optimizes care efficiency, aligns with assistants' capabilities, and frees nurses for higher-level assessments, ensuring safe, effective management of this patient's complex needs.
Which does not require post exposure prophylaxis for rabies?
- A. scratch
- B. bite on face
- C. bite on extremity
- D. skin contact with blood, urine or faeces
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rabies PEP bites, scratches, bat splashes trigger; blood, pee, poop on skin don't. Nurses skip this chronic non-risk.
The nurse administers an IV vesicant chemotherapeutic agent to a patient. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?
- A. Infuse the medication over a short period of time.
- B. Stop the infusion if swelling is observed at the site.
- C. Administer the chemotherapy through a small-bore catheter.
- D. Hold the medication unless a central venous line is available.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vesicants (e.g., vincristine) burn tissue if they leak swelling at the site yells extravasation; stopping the IV stat limits necrosis. Fast infusion ups vein stress; small-bore risks rupture running IVs dilute it. Central lines are gold but not mandatory. Nurses in oncology prioritize this catching leaks early saves skin, a critical save in chemo land.
During his internship at a general practice, a medical student is asked to check the blood glucose level in a 50-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes. The measurement is performed at a random moment and the carbohydrate intake has not been standardised before the measurement is taken. The result of the measurement is shown below. The general practitioner (GP) asks the student to report the result using standard medical terminology. Question: Which diagnosis is most consistent with the findings provided above?
- A. Hyperglycaemia
- B. Hypoglycaemia
- C. Hyperglycaemia with hyperosmolar state
- D. Normoglycaemia (euglycaemia)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Random high glucose in type 2 hyperglycaemia, no hypo, osmolar crash, or norm. Nurses call this, a chronic sugar spike.
A client has a platelet count of 9800/mm^3. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Assess the client for calf pain, warmth, and redness.
- B. Instruct the client to call for help to get out of bed.
- C. Obtain cultures as per the facility's standing policy.
- D. Place the client on protective isolation precautions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A platelet count of 9800/mm^3 is severely low (normal is 150,000-450,000/mm^3), indicating thrombocytopenia, a common chemotherapy side effect that heightens bleeding risk. The most appropriate action is instructing the client to call for help before getting out of bed to prevent falls or injuries that could trigger uncontrolled bleeding, such as intracranial hemorrhage. Assessing for calf pain, warmth, and redness checks for thrombosis, which is unrelated to low platelets thrombosis risk rises with high counts. Obtaining cultures relates to infection, tied to low white cells, not platelets. Protective isolation is for neutropenia, not thrombocytopenia. This safety-focused intervention minimizes physical risk, crucial in oncology where low platelets demand proactive prevention to avoid life-threatening bleeds, empowering the client while ensuring nurse oversight.