Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions Related

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On a visit to the gynecologist, a client complains of urinary frequency, pelvic discomfort, and weight loss. After a complete physical examination, blood studies, and a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou test, the physician diagnoses stage IV ovarian cancer. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which initial treatment?

  • A. Radiation therapy
  • B. Chemotherapy
  • C. Major surgery
  • D. None
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of stage IV ovarian cancer, initial treatment typically involves major surgery, known as cytoreductive surgery or debulking surgery. The goal of this surgery is to remove as much of the tumor burden as possible from the abdomen and pelvis. By reducing the size of the tumor, the effectiveness of subsequent treatments such as chemotherapy can be enhanced. Surgery may also involve the removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used after surgery to further target any remaining cancer cells. However, major surgery is often the first step in the management of advanced ovarian cancer.

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The MOST likely cause of a 4-year-old boy refusing to go to bed and remaining active is

  • A. thyrotoxicosis
  • B. ADHD
  • C. behavioral insomnia of childhood
  • D. sleep-onset association disorder
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Behavioral insomnia involves resistance to bedtime routines.

The parents of a newborn with a strawberry hemangioma ask the nurse what the treatment will be. What information does the nurse need to include in the response?

  • A. Excision of the lesion will be necessary.
  • B. Injections of prednisone into the lesion will reduce it.
  • C. No treatment is usually necessary because of the high rate of spontaneous involution.
  • D. Pulsed dye laser treatments will be necessary immediately to prevent permanent disability.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct information the nurse should provide to the parents is that no treatment is usually necessary for a strawberry hemangioma because of the high rate of spontaneous involution. Strawberry hemangiomas are common vascular tumors in infants that typically appear in the first few weeks of life. They usually grow rapidly for the first several months and then begin to shrink and eventually disappear on their own. In most cases, the hemangioma resolves without the need for any intervention. Therefore, reassuring the parents that observation is the primary management approach is important, unless complications such as ulceration, bleeding, or obstruction occur.

A client with a history of cardiac dysrhythmias is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of dehydration. The nurse should anticipate that the physician will order;

  • A. A glass of water every hour until hydrated
  • B. Small frequent intake of juices, broth, or milk
  • C. Short-term NG replacement of fluids and nutrients
  • D. A rapid IV infusion of an electrolyte and glucose solution
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A client with a history of cardiac dysrhythmias and dehydration requires careful monitoring and management of fluid and electrolyte balance. The most appropriate intervention for rapid correction of dehydration in this scenario is a rapid IV infusion of an electrolyte and glucose solution. This method allows for the quick replacement of fluids and essential electrolytes to restore the client's hydration status efficiently and effectively. Administering fluids orally may not be adequate in this situation, and NG replacement of fluids and nutrients may not be necessary if the client's condition can be managed through IV therapy. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate choice for this client.

Deaths have occurred when potassium chloride has been used incorrectly to flush a lock or central venous catheter. Which of the ff precautions should a nurse take to minimize this risk?

  • A. Use a dilute form of potassium chloride before flushing locks
  • B. Warm the KCL before flushing locks
  • C. Read labels carefully on vials containing flush solutions for locks
  • D. Replace the existing locks with new ones to avoid flushing
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The precaution a nurse should take to minimize the risk of deaths occurring when potassium chloride is used incorrectly to flush a lock or central venous catheter is to read labels carefully on vials containing flush solutions for locks. This is essential to ensure that the correct solution is being used and to prevent accidental administration of potassium chloride, which can be fatal if used inappropriately. By carefully checking the labels, the nurse can confirm that they are using the correct flush solution and avoid any harmful errors. This simple precaution can help in ensuring patient safety and preventing adverse outcomes.

The nurse in the postoperative unit prepares to receive a client after a balloon angioplasty of the carotid artery. Which of the ff items of priority should the nurse keep at the bedside for such client?

  • A. Blood pressure apparatus
  • B. IV infusion stand
  • C. Call bell
  • D. Endotracheal intubation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Having a blood pressure apparatus at the bedside is a priority for a client following a balloon angioplasty of the carotid artery. Monitoring blood pressure closely is essential to assess for any signs of complications such as bleeding or thrombosis after the procedure. Rapid identification and management of any changes in blood pressure are crucial in the immediate postoperative period to ensure the client's safety and well-being. It allows the nurse to promptly intervene if there are any signs of complications, helping to prevent further harm to the client.

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