Nokea
On observation of the patient, the nurse notes the presence of a gait disturbance. How should the nurse further evaluate the patient?
- A. Palpate the hips for crepitation
- B. Measure the length of the limbs
- C. Evaluate the degree of leg movement
- D. Compare the muscle mass of one leg with the other
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muscle asymmetry may indicate underlying issues.
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A glove-&-stocking pattern of sensory disturbance usually develops with disease in:
- A. peripheral nerves
- B. the spinal cord
- C. the brainstem
- D. the thalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peripheral nerves are the correct answer because a glove-and-stocking pattern of sensory loss is characteristic of peripheral neuropathy. This pattern occurs due to the length-dependent nature of peripheral nerve damage, where the longest nerves (those supplying the hands and feet) are affected first, leading to distal sensory deficits.
An important nursing intervention for the patient with ankylosing spondylitis is to teach the patient to do what?
- A. Wear roomy shoes with good orthotic support.
- B. Sleep on the side with the knees and hips flexed.
- C. Keep the spine slightly flexed while sitting, standing, or walking.
- D. Perform back, neck, and chest stretches and deep-breathing exercises.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stretching exercises maintain flexibility.
Which part of the brain produces the neurotransmitter dopamine?
- A. pons
- B. occipital lobe
- C. substantia nigra
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The substantia nigra, located in the midbrain, is a key region for dopamine production. Dopamine is essential for regulating movement, and its loss in this area is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
Myotome of shoulder abduction?
- A. C5
- B. C5, 6
- C. C5, 6, 7
- D. C6, 7, 8
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shoulder abduction is primarily controlled by the C5 and C6 nerve roots, which innervate the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles.
The following occur in response to a major surgery:
- A. increased potassium loss
- B. increased protein breakdown
- C. sodium and water retention
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Major surgery triggers a stress response, leading to potassium loss, protein catabolism, and sodium/water retention due to hormonal changes.