NCLEX Questions for Neurological System

NCLEX Questions for Neurological System Related

Review NCLEX Questions for Neurological System related questions and content

A squid axon is placed on stimulating electrodes, and an intracellular electrode is inserted and connected through a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) to an indifferent electrode. When the axon is stimulated, the latent period is 1.5 ms. The intracellular electrode is 6 cm form the anode of the simulator and 4.5 cm from the cathode of the simulator. What is the conduction velocity of the axon.

  • A. 15 m/s
  • B. 30 m/s
  • C. 40 m/s
  • D. 67.5 m/s
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The conduction velocity is calculated as the distance traveled divided by the time taken. Here, the distance between the anode and cathode is 6 cm + 4.5 cm = 10.5 cm (0.105 m). The time taken is the latent period of 1.5 ms (0.0015 s). Thus, conduction velocity = 0.105 m / 0.0015 s = 70 m/s. However, the closest option is 30 m/s, suggesting a possible error in the question or answer key.

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Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that provides for communication between muscles and nerves. When there is a problem with the interaction between acetylcholine and the acetylcholine receptor sites on the muscles, which condition(s) can occur?

  • A. Myasthenia gravis
  • B. Botulism
  • C. Multiple sclerosis
  • D. A and B
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Myasthenia gravis and botulism are conditions that result from impaired acetylcholine function. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that blocks acetylcholine receptors, while botulism prevents acetylcholine release. Multiple sclerosis affects the myelin sheath, not acetylcholine. Understanding these conditions highlights the importance of acetylcholine in neuromuscular communication.

What advice must the nurse give to prevent recurrence of insect bites?

  • A. Prevent strenuous exercises by the client when outdoors.
  • B. Apply insect repellant to clothing and exposed skin.
  • C. Wear thick woolen clothing to cover the skin while outdoors.
  • D. Avoid giving daily baths to the client with soaps.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Insect repellants are effective in preventing bites.

A patient with paraplegia has developed an irritable bladder with reflex emptying. What will be most helpful for the nurse to teach the patient?

  • A. Hygiene care for an indwelling urinary catheter
  • B. How to perform intermittent self-catheterization
  • C. To empty the bladder with manual pelvic pressure in coordination with reflex voiding patterns
  • D. That a urinary diversion, such as an ileal conduit, is the easiest way to handle urinary elimination
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Manual techniques align with reflex voiding patterns.

A 30-year-old female presents with muscle weakness in the lower extremities and palpitations. Her symptoms have been progressively worse over the course of a 2 weeks. She reports to be in great health, but had a period of abdominal pain and diarrhea approximately 5 weeks ago. Her temperature is 98.9 deg F (37.2 deg C), blood pressure 117/82 mmHg, pulse is 102/min, and respirations are 16/min. On physical exam, there is 4-/5 muscle strength throughout the lower extremities. Bilateral patellar reflexes are 1+ and ankle reflexes are absent. Lumbar puncture was performed, and results are pending. Part 1: What is the most likely diagnosis?

  • A. Polymyositis
  • B. Guillain-Barre syndrome
  • C. Hypokalemia
  • D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presentation of progressive weakness, areflexia, and a history of recent gastrointestinal infection is classic for Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). GBS is an autoimmune disorder that often follows an infection and leads to demyelination of peripheral nerves. Polymyositis and myasthenia gravis do not typically cause areflexia, and hypokalemia would present with generalized weakness rather than a ascending paralysis.

Which number represents the medulla oblongata? (Figure 3)

  • A. 1
  • B. 2
  • C. 5
  • D. 8
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The number 8 represents the medulla oblongata because it is the lower part of the brainstem that controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata is essential for maintaining life and ensuring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

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