Nokea
Nursing students are doing a class presentation on stroke. What is the term they would use for deficits in articulation?
- A. Aphasia
- B. Nystagmus
- C. Dysarthria
- D. Dystonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysarthria refers to difficulty in articulating words due to muscle weakness or incoordination, often caused by stroke. Aphasia is a language disorder, nystagmus is involuntary eye movement, and dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions.
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As the community health nurse, you meet with Mrs. Rollo 1 week after discharge. She complains to you of increasing joint pain and stiffness despite adherence to the discharge plan for medication therapy and heat treatments. Which of the following aspects would you initially want to evaluate?
- A. Diet
- B. Balance between exercise and rest
- C. Use of fad diet or appliances
- D. Feelings of self-worth and self-concept
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Imbalance between exercise and rest can exacerbate joint pain and stiffness.
Which of the following statements about axon-guidance is TRUE?
- A. Netrins are long-range cues for chemorepulsion
- B. Semaphorins are short-range cues for chemorepulsion
- C. Cadherins are short-range cues for contact attraction
- D. Ephrins are short-range cues for contact attraction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules that mediate short-range contact attraction, guiding axons to their targets. Netrins, semaphorins, and ephrins also play roles in axon guidance, but they function through different mechanisms, such as long-range chemotaxis or repulsion. This diversity of guidance cues ensures precise navigation of growing axons.
Which nervous system structure is associated with control of hunger?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. hippocampus
- C. cerebellar
- D. medulla
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic functions. It integrates signals from the body and brain to maintain energy balance and control feeding behavior.
In the 2000 film 'Memento' the lead character, Leonard is unable to form new memories as a result of an earlier head injury caused by an assailant. This is known as:
- A. Retrograde memory dysfunction
- B. Postevent memory dysfunction
- C. Anterograde memory dysfunction
- D. Antenatal memory dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anterograde memory dysfunction is characterized by the inability to form new memories after a traumatic event or injury, as depicted in the film 'Memento.' This condition is often linked to damage in the hippocampus or surrounding medial temporal lobe structures, which are essential for encoding and storing new information. Individuals with this dysfunction can recall past memories but struggle to create new ones, leading to significant challenges in daily functioning.
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:
- A. pons
- B. medulla oblongata
- C. midbrain
- D. cerebrum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata contains vital centers for controlling heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting. The pons, midbrain, cerebrum, and hypothalamus are not primarily responsible for these functions. Therefore, B is the correct answer.