Nokea
What should the nurse teach the patient recovering from an episode of acute low back pain?
- A. Perform daily exercise as a lifelong routine.
- B. Sit in a chair with the hips higher than the knees.
- C. Avoid occupations in which the use of the body is required.
- D. Sleep on the abdomen or on the back with the legs extended.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular exercise strengthens the back muscles.
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Nursing students are doing a class presentation on stroke. What is the term they would use for deficits in articulation?
- A. Aphasia
- B. Nystagmus
- C. Dysarthria
- D. Dystonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dysarthria refers to difficulty in articulating words due to muscle weakness or incoordination, often caused by stroke. Aphasia is a language disorder, nystagmus is involuntary eye movement, and dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions.
Which nervous system structure is associated with control of hunger?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. hippocampus
- C. cerebellar
- D. medulla
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic functions. It integrates signals from the body and brain to maintain energy balance and control feeding behavior.
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that provides for communication between muscles and nerves. When there is a problem with the interaction between acetylcholine and the acetylcholine receptor sites on the muscles, which condition(s) can occur?
- A. Myasthenia gravis
- B. Botulism
- C. Multiple sclerosis
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis and botulism are conditions that result from impaired acetylcholine function. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that blocks acetylcholine receptors, while botulism prevents acetylcholine release. Multiple sclerosis affects the myelin sheath, not acetylcholine. Understanding these conditions highlights the importance of acetylcholine in neuromuscular communication.
Which number represents the medulla oblongata? (Figure 3)
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 5
- D. 8
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The number 8 represents the medulla oblongata because it is the lower part of the brainstem that controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata is essential for maintaining life and ensuring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Myotome of shoulder abduction?
- A. C5
- B. C5, 6
- C. C5, 6, 7
- D. C6, 7, 8
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shoulder abduction is primarily controlled by the C5 and C6 nerve roots, which innervate the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles.