Nokea
The fifth cranial nerve supplies
- A. Temporalis
- B. Skin of the tip of the nose via the external nasal branch of the maxillary nerve
- C. Skin of the earlobe via the auriculotemporal nerve
- D. Skin over the occiput
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve supplies motor fibers to the temporalis muscle, which is involved in mastication. It also provides sensory innervation to the lower face.
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The nursing assistant reports to you, the RN, that the patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) has an elevated temperature (102.2°F), heart rate of 120/minute, rise in blood pressure (158/94), and was incontinent of urine and stool. What is your best first action at this time?
- A. Administer an acetaminophen suppository.
- B. Notify the physician immediately.
- C. Recheck vital signs in 1 hour.
- D. Reschedule patient's physical therapy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These symptoms could indicate a myasthenic crisis, necessitating immediate medical evaluation.
During the physical assessment of the patient with early to moderate RA, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hepatomegaly
- B. Heberden's nodes
- C. Spindle-shaped fingers
- D. Crepitus on joint movement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spindle-shaped fingers are characteristic of RA.
Which part of the brain produces the neurotransmitter dopamine?
- A. pons
- B. occipital lobe
- C. substantia nigra
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The substantia nigra, located in the midbrain, is a key region for dopamine production. Dopamine is essential for regulating movement, and its loss in this area is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
Which type of fiber could be considered the longest?
- A. preganglionic parasympathetic
- B. preganglionic sympathetic
- C. postganglionic parasympathetic
- D. postganglionic sympathetic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: preganglionic parasympathetic. Preganglionic fibers are the longest in the autonomic nervous system, with parasympathetic fibers generally having longer preganglionic fibers compared to sympathetic fibers. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers originate from the cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord, allowing them to travel longer distances to reach their ganglia. In contrast, sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, resulting in shorter lengths compared to parasympathetic fibers. Therefore, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are considered the longest among the given choices. Postganglionic fibers, whether parasympathetic or sympathetic, are shorter as they only need to travel to their target organs from the ganglia.
Summary:
- A: Correct, as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are the longest in the autonomic nervous system
KL is a 34-year-old male admitted to the hospital (large trauma center) after suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a serious motor vehicle accident. He was in excellent health prior to the accident. HT: 6'2" WT: 190 pounds (86 kg) What is the best means of determining KL's caloric needs while in the hospital?
- A. Mifflin-St Jeor equation
- B. Harris-Benedict equation
- C. WHO standards
- D. Indirect calorimetry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard for determining caloric needs in critically ill patients, including those with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to provide an accurate assessment of energy expenditure.