Nokea
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid:
- A. sodium
- B. chloride
- C. calcium
- D. potassium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After an action potential, potassium ions rapidly diffuse out of the cell to restore the resting membrane potential. Sodium ions enter the cell during depolarization, while chloride, calcium, and magnesium ions play different roles in cellular processes. Thus, D is the correct answer.
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As the community health nurse, you meet with Mrs. Rollo 1 week after discharge. She complains to you of increasing joint pain and stiffness despite adherence to the discharge plan for medication therapy and heat treatments. Which of the following aspects would you initially want to evaluate?
- A. Diet
- B. Balance between exercise and rest
- C. Use of fad diet or appliances
- D. Feelings of self-worth and self-concept
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Imbalance between exercise and rest can exacerbate joint pain and stiffness.
On observation of the patient, the nurse notes the presence of a gait disturbance. How should the nurse further evaluate the patient?
- A. Palpate the hips for crepitation
- B. Measure the length of the limbs
- C. Evaluate the degree of leg movement
- D. Compare the muscle mass of one leg with the other
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muscle asymmetry may indicate underlying issues.
A patient with paraplegia has developed an irritable bladder with reflex emptying. What will be most helpful for the nurse to teach the patient?
- A. Hygiene care for an indwelling urinary catheter
- B. How to perform intermittent self-catheterization
- C. To empty the bladder with manual pelvic pressure in coordination with reflex voiding patterns
- D. That a urinary diversion, such as an ileal conduit, is the easiest way to handle urinary elimination
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Manual techniques align with reflex voiding patterns.
What does a positive Babinski sign in an adult suggest?
- A. Possible upper motor neuron dysfunction.
- B. Normal plantar reflex.
- C. Absence of neurological abnormalities.
- D. Normal function of lower motor neurons.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates possible upper motor neuron dysfunction, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury. A normal plantar reflex involves toe flexion, not extension.
Which number represents the medulla oblongata? (Figure 3)
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 5
- D. 8
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The number 8 represents the medulla oblongata because it is the lower part of the brainstem that controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata is essential for maintaining life and ensuring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.