Nokea
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
- A. endocrine and exocrine
- B. upper and lower
- C. sympathetic and parasympathetic
- D. central and peripheral
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary bodily functions and is divided into the sympathetic nervous system, which activates the 'fight or flight' response, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes 'rest and digest' activities. These two branches work in opposition to maintain homeostasis.
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The fifth cranial nerve supplies
- A. Temporalis
- B. Skin of the tip of the nose via the external nasal branch of the maxillary nerve
- C. Skin of the earlobe via the auriculotemporal nerve
- D. Skin over the occiput
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve supplies motor fibers to the temporalis muscle, which is involved in mastication. It also provides sensory innervation to the lower face.
KL is a 34-year-old male admitted to the hospital (large trauma center) after suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a serious motor vehicle accident. He was in excellent health prior to the accident. HT: 6'2" WT: 190 pounds (86 kg) What is the best means of determining KL's caloric needs while in the hospital?
- A. Mifflin-St Jeor equation
- B. Harris-Benedict equation
- C. WHO standards
- D. Indirect calorimetry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard for determining caloric needs in critically ill patients, including those with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to provide an accurate assessment of energy expenditure.
Testosterone is to ________ as estrogen is to ________.
- A. thyroid, parathyroid
- B. testes, ovaries
- C. sympathetic, parasympathetic
- D. pancreas, pituitary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Testosterone is primarily produced by the testes in males, while estrogen is primarily produced by the ovaries in females. Both hormones play crucial roles in reproductive development and function. Testosterone is associated with male secondary sexual characteristics, such as muscle mass and facial hair, while estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle and female secondary sexual characteristics. These hormones also have broader effects on mood, bone density, and overall health.
A 65-year-old patient with PD is experiencing moderate dyskinesias that are bothersome. The patient is on carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg two tablets at 7 AM and one tablet at 11 AM, 2 PM, 5 PM, 8 PM, and 11 PM. Which of the following is most appropriate:
- A. Add amantadine.
- B. Add entacapone.
- C. Add rasagiline.
- D. Add pramipexole.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amantadine is effective in reducing dyskinesias in PD patients by modulating glutamate activity in the brain.
The patient with migraine headaches has a seizure. After the seizure, which action can you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Document the seizure.
- B. Perform neurologic checks.
- C. Take the patient's vital signs.
- D. Restrain the patient for protection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking vital signs is a routine task that can be delegated to a nursing assistant while documenting seizures and performing neurologic checks require more specialized knowledge.