Nokea
On what does the nurse explain their chances of developing breast cancer depend?
- A. Sensitivity
- B. Conductivity
- C. Penetrance
- D. Susceptibility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A woman who has the BRCA1 hereditary breast cancer gene mutation has a lifetime risk of breast cancer that can be as high as 80%, not 100%. This quality, known as incomplete penetrance, indicates the probability that a given gene will produce disease. Sensitivity, conductivity, and susceptibility are not relevant terms in this context.
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What should the nurse do?
- A. Inform the patients they need to sign so the testing can be done
- B. Inform the geneticist that the couple cannot give informed consent
- C. Let the wife translate the form for her husband
- D. Explain the form to the patient in simple English and have him sign it
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses assess the patient's capacity and ability to give voluntary consent. Language differences prevent the husband from giving informed consent without a translator. Having the wife translate or explaining in simple English does not ensure accurate understanding, and signing without comprehension is unethical.
What is the nurses best response?
- A. We always get old medical records just in case we need them.
- B. This is just part of the due diligence that we practice here at the clinic.
- C. Your medical information is needed so we can provide the appropriate information and counseling to you.
- D. We need your medical records in case there is something about your medical history that you forget to tell us.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurses obtain patient consent to obtain medical records to ensure appropriate information and counseling, including risk interpretation, are provided. Vague responses like â??just in case' or â??due diligence' do not adequately explain the need for medical records.
To explain this concept adequately, the nurse must understand which of the following?
- A. That personalized medicine is, by definition, holistic
- B. That collaboration is essential in genomic medicine
- C. The ethical basis for genomic medicine
- D. The new technologies and treatments of genetic- and genomic-based health care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To meet the challenges of personalized medicine, nurses must understand the new technologies and treatments of genetic- and genomic-based health care. This knowledge is critical for explaining personalized medicine, which tailors treatments based on genetic information, beyond just ethics or collaboration.
What is this foundational genetic test?
- A. The developmental assessment
- B. The family history
- C. The physical assessment
- D. The psychosocial assessment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The family history is considered the first genetic test. It is expected that all nurses will know how to use this genetic tool to assess potential genetic risks and patterns of inheritance.
What is the nurses best rationale for this?
- A. Genetic screening is a way to determine the rate of infectious disease in babies during this vulnerable time in their lives.
- B. It is important to screen newborns to determine their future cancer risk and appraise the quality of prenatal care they received.
- C. This is a way to assess your infants risk for illnesses called phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism, and galactosemia.
- D. This testing is required and you will not be able to refuse it. It usually is free so there is no reason to refuse it.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first aim of genetic testing is to improve management, that is, identify people with treatable genetic conditions that could prove dangerous to their health if left untreated. Genetic screening for PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, and galactosemia allows early intervention. It does not assess infectious disease rates or future cancer risk, and while mandatory, the rationale should focus on the health benefits, not just compliance.