Nokea
Once admitted to hospital the physician indicates that Mr. Gubatan is a paraplegic. The family asks the nurse what that means. The nurse explains that:
- A. Upper extremities are paralyzed
- B. Both lower and upper extremities are
- C. Lower extremities are paralyzed paralyzed
- D. One side of the body is paralyzed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- Paraplegia refers to paralysis of the lower extremities.
- The prefix "para-" means alongside or beside, indicating lower body involvement.
- Option A is incorrect as it refers to quadriplegia.
- Option B is incorrect as it refers to quadriplegia.
- Option D is incorrect as it refers to hemiplegia.
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Which of the following is an adverse reaction to glipizide (Glucotrol)?
- A. Headache
- B. Hypotension
- C. Constipation
- D. Photosensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypotension. Glipizide is a sulfonylurea medication used to treat diabetes by lowering blood sugar levels. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, can be an adverse reaction as glipizide may cause vasodilation leading to a drop in blood pressure. Headache (choice A), constipation (choice C), and photosensitivity (choice D) are not common adverse reactions associated with glipizide use. Headache may occur due to other factors, constipation is more commonly associated with opioids, and photosensitivity is typically seen with certain antibiotics or NSAIDs.
An elderly nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypomagnesemia. Dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalances, and hypomagnesemia can cause confusion in elderly patients. Magnesium plays a crucial role in brain function and its deficiency can result in cognitive impairment. Hyponatremia (A) typically presents with symptoms like weakness and confusion but not necessarily dehydration. Hypercalcemia (B) and hyperkalemia (C) are less likely to cause confusion in this scenario. Therefore, hypomagnesemia is the most likely electrolyte imbalance involved in the elderly nursing home resident's confusion.
Which of the following method if used by Wilma will best assure that the tracheostomy ties are not too tightly placed?
- A. Wilma places 2 fingers between the tie and neck
- B. The tracheotomy can be pulled slightly away from the neck
- C. James’ neck veins are not engorged
- D. Wilma measures the tie from the nose to the tip of the earlobe and to the xiphoid process
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wilma places 2 fingers between the tie and neck. This method ensures that the tracheostomy ties are not too tightly placed by providing a standardized and easily replicable measurement. Placing 2 fingers ensures there is adequate space for proper airflow and movement without causing pressure or constriction. This method is a widely accepted practice in healthcare settings to prevent complications such as skin breakdown or restricted blood flow.
Incorrect choices:
B: The tracheotomy can be pulled slightly away from the neck - This does not provide a standardized measurement and may not accurately assess the tightness of the ties.
C: James’ neck veins are not engorged - Monitoring neck veins does not directly correlate with the tightness of tracheostomy ties.
D: Wilma measures the tie from the nose to the tip of the earlobe and to the xiphoid process - This method may not accurately reflect the appropriate tightness of the ties around the neck.
Ms. CC’s laboratory values indicate hemoconcentration secondary to fluid loss. Which of the following intravenous solutions would be most appropriate during initial fluid replacement therapy?
- A. 10% dextrose and saline
- B. 5% dextrose and water
- C. 5% dextrose and water with 60 mEq
- D. Distilled water KCl
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 5% dextrose and water with 60 mEq. This solution is appropriate because it provides both fluid replacement (water) and electrolyte replacement (60 mEq). The dextrose helps prevent hypoglycemia. Choice A is incorrect as 10% dextrose and saline may worsen hemoconcentration. Choice B is not ideal as 5% dextrose and water lacks electrolytes needed for fluid balance. Choice D, distilled water with KCl, is dangerous as it lacks dextrose and may lead to electrolyte imbalances.
What is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting?
- A. Iron
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Calcium. Calcium is necessary for the chemical clotting process because it plays a crucial role in the activation of various clotting factors, leading to the formation of a blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the clotting cascade would not be able to proceed effectively. Iron (choice A) is essential for red blood cell production, not clotting. Potassium (choice B) and Sodium (choice C) are important for various physiological functions but are not directly involved in the clotting process.