Nokea
One of the side effects of INH administration is peripheral neuropathy. To prevent this effect, Nurse Carlos teaches Andrew to:
- A. have a strict low cholesterol diet
- B. get extra bed rest
- C. supplement the diet with pyridoxine
- D. avoid excessive sun exposure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. INH (Isoniazid) can lead to peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin B6 deficiency.
2. Pyridoxine is vitamin B6, which helps prevent neuropathy.
3. Supplementing with pyridoxine can counteract the deficiency caused by INH.
4. Thus, option C, supplementing the diet with pyridoxine, is the correct choice.
Summary:
- Option A is incorrect as a low cholesterol diet does not address the vitamin B6 deficiency.
- Option B is incorrect as excessive bed rest does not prevent neuropathy.
- Option D is incorrect as sun exposure is not related to the prevention of peripheral neuropathy.
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When performing a neurological examination on Mr. RR, which of the following would not be considered an important or useful part of the examination?
- A. Eye movements
- B. Reflexes
- C. Nuchal rigidity
- D. Pupil size NEUROLOGIC MEDICATIONS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pupil size is not typically a part of a routine neurological examination. A: Eye movements are assessed to evaluate cranial nerve functions. B: Reflexes help determine the integrity of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. C: Nuchal rigidity is important to assess for signs of meningitis or other neurological conditions. In contrast, pupil size is more relevant in ophthalmological examinations or when assessing response to specific medications affecting the pupil size.
The physician prescribes glipizide (Glucotrol), an oral antidiabetic agent, for a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has been having trouble controlling the blood glucose level through diet and exercise. Which medication instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. “Be sure to take glipizide 30 minutes before meals.”
- B. “Glipizide may cause a low serum sodium level, so make sure you have your sodium level checked monthly.”
- C. “You won’t need to check you blood glucose level after you start taking glipizide.”
- D. “Take glipizide after a metal to prevent heartburn.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: “Be sure to take glipizide 30 minutes before meals.” This instruction is correct because glipizide is an oral antidiabetic agent that works best when taken before meals to help control blood glucose levels. Taking it before meals allows the medication to coincide with the body's natural insulin response to food intake, thereby improving its effectiveness.
Choice B is incorrect because glipizide does not typically cause low serum sodium levels, so there is no need for monthly sodium level checks. Choice C is incorrect because it is essential for the client to continue monitoring their blood glucose levels even after starting glipizide to ensure the medication is working effectively. Choice D is incorrect because taking glipizide after a meal will not optimize its effectiveness in controlling blood glucose levels.
A patient is admitted with a 2-month history of fatigue, SOB, pallor, and dizziness. The patient is diagnosed with idiopathic autoimmune haemolytic anemia. On reviewing the laboratory results, the nurse notes which of the following that confirms this diagnosis?
- A. RBC fragments
- B. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
- C. Macrocytic, normochromic RBCs
- D. Hemoglobin molecules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: RBC fragments. In idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system attacks and destroys red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. The presence of RBC fragments in the blood smear confirms this diagnosis as it indicates mechanical damage to RBCs.
Explanation:
1. RBC fragments (schistocytes) are a hallmark of hemolysis, seen in conditions like autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
2. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs (Choice B) are typically seen in iron deficiency anemia, not autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
3. Macrocytic, normochromic RBCs (Choice C) are characteristic of megaloblastic anemias like vitamin B12 deficiency, not autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
4. Hemoglobin molecules (Choice D) are not directly indicative of autoimmune hemolytic anemia; the presence of free hemoglobin in the blood would suggest intrav
Clients with myastherda gravis, Guillain - Barre Syndrome or amyothrophic sclerosis experience:
- A. Progressive deterioration until death
- B. Deficiencies of essential neurotransmitter
- C. Increased risk of respiratory complications
- D. Involuntary twitching of small muscle group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased risk of respiratory complications. Clients with myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis all experience muscle weakness, including respiratory muscles, leading to a higher risk of respiratory complications such as difficulty breathing or respiratory failure. This is due to the involvement of the neuromuscular system in these conditions. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly correlate with the respiratory complications commonly seen in these specific neuromuscular disorders.
Patients with lymphoma are at risk for infection. Which of the ff. activities increases this risk?
- A. Going to church
- B. Cleaning the house
- C. Taking a walk outside
- D. Watching television
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Taking a walk outside. Patients with lymphoma have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Walking outside exposes them to various environmental pathogens, increasing the risk of infection. Going to church (A) and cleaning the house (B) can be done in controlled environments, while watching television (D) does not involve exposure to external pathogens like going for a walk outside does. Therefore, taking a walk outside poses the highest risk for infection among the given activities.