Nokea
One-year-old child:
- A. Holds a raisin with a finger and thumb
- B. Drinks with a straw
- C. Tells six words with meaning
- D. Can move around holding onto furniture (cruising)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: By one year of age, most children can cruise (move around while holding onto furniture), a key milestone in motor development.
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A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is admitted to the hospital for uncontrolled DM. Insulin therapy is initiated with an initial dose of Humulin N insulin at 0800. At 1600, the client complains of diaphoresis, rapid heartbeat, and feeling shaky. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Determine the client's current glucose level
- B. Administer 10 units of fast-acting insulin.
- C. Offer the client a snack with high protein.
- D. Increase the IV infusion rate of normal saline.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms suggest hypoglycemia. Checking the glucose level confirms the diagnosis and guides appropriate treatment.
Changes that occur in CVS and Respiratory system at birth
- A. Increase in pulmonary Vascular resistance
- B. Increase in Oxygen concentration in Aorta
- C. Increase in the right Ventricular Pressure
- D. Reversal of flow through the ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At birth, oxygen concentration increases in the aorta as lungs begin functioning.
On examination, a nurse hears a murmur at the left sternal border (LSB) in a child with diarrhea and fever. The parent asks why the pediatrician never mentioned the murmur. The nurse explains:
- A. The pediatrician is not a cardiologist.
- B. Murmurs are difficult to detect, especially in children.
- C. The fever increased the intensity of the murmur.
- D. We need to refer the child to an interventional cardiologist.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The increased cardiac output associated with fever can accentuate a heart murmur, making it more noticeable.
The following statements are true about screening:
- A. The sensitivity of a screening test is the extent of picking up true negatives
- B. Positive predictive value is dependent on the population being screened
- C. A good screening test is always inexpensive
- D. Screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is not practised, mainly because of the extent of false positives in the test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The positive predictive value of a screening test is influenced by the prevalence of the condition in the population being screened.
In childhood, hypokalaemic alkalosis is a recognised finding:
- A. In a baby given feeds that are too concentrated
- B. In congenital pyloric stenosis
- C. In cystic fibrosis
- D. Following urinary diversion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalaemic alkalosis is a hallmark of congenital pyloric stenosis due to vomiting. It is not typically associated with concentrated feeds, cystic fibrosis, or urinary diversion.