Nokea
Operant conditioning will be used to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique would a nurse include in the treatment plan?
- A. Ignore the child for using silence.
- B. Have the child observe others talking.
- C. Give the child a small treat for speaking.
- D. Teach the child relaxation techniques, then coax speech.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Operant conditioning uses positive reinforcement, like treats, to encourage desired behaviors like speech. Ignoring silence is not reinforcing, observation is modeling, and relaxation is desensitization.
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A nurse uses Maslow's hierarchy of needs to plan care for a psychotic patient. Which problem will receive priority?
- A. Refuses to eat or bathe.
- B. Reports feelings of alienation from family.
- C. Is reluctant to participate in unit social activities.
- D. Needs to be taught about medication action and side effects.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physiological needs like food and hygiene take priority in Maslow's hierarchy over psychological or social needs.
Cognitive behavioral therapy was provided for a patient who frequently said, 'I'm stupid.' Which statement by the patient indicates the therapy was effective?
- A. I'm disappointed in my lack of ability.'
- B. I always fail when I try new things.'
- C. Things always go wrong for me.'
- D. Sometimes I do stupid things.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: I'm stupid' is an irrational thought. 'Sometimes I do stupid things' is more rational, promoting self-control. The other options reflect persistent irrational thinking.
A basic level registered nurse works with patients in a community setting. Which groups should this nurse expect to lead?
- A. Symptom management
- B. Medication education
- C. Family therapy
- D. Psychotherapy
- E. Self-care
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Basic level nurses lead psychoeducational groups like symptom management, medication education, and self-care. Family therapy and psychotherapy require advanced practice.
A person tells a nurse, 'I was the only survivor in a small plane crash, but three business associates died. I got anxious and depressed and saw a counselor three times a week for a month. We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor, and now I am at peace with the situation.' Which type of therapy was used?
- A. Milieu therapy
- B. Psychoanalysis
- C. Behavior modification
- D. Interpersonal therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interpersonal therapy helps process loss and guilt, restoring functioning. Milieu is environmental, psychoanalysis is long-term, and behavior modification changes specific behaviors.
A nurse uses Peplau's interpersonal therapy while working with an anxious, withdrawn patient. What should the focus of the interventions be?
- A. Changing the patient's perceptions about self
- B. Improving the patient's interactional skills.
- C. Using medications to relieve anxiety
- D. Reinforcing specific behaviors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peplau's therapy focuses on improving interpersonal relationships. Changing perceptions is cognitive therapy, medications are biological therapy, and reinforcing behaviors is behavioral therapy.