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Organizations measure the effectiveness of their budgets by examining actual revenues and expenditures versus:
- A. planned variances.
- B. incremental budgets.
- C. productivity metrics.
- D. expected performance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: planned variances. Organizations compare actual revenues and expenditures to planned variances to measure budget effectiveness. Planned variances show the differences between the budgeted amounts and the actual results, highlighting areas of over or underperformance. This analysis helps organizations identify reasons for deviations and adjust future budgets accordingly.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Incremental budgets focus on adjusting previous budgets by a fixed amount, not on comparing actual versus planned amounts.
C: Productivity metrics measure the efficiency of resources used, not specifically related to budget effectiveness.
D: Expected performance is a vague term that does not directly address comparing actual versus planned financial data.
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A patient who is just beginning to use homeopathy to treat depression is concerned because symptoms are actually becoming worse with increasing sadness, anxiety, and fatigue. The practitioner of homeopathy bases teaching on the Law of Cure and instructs the patient to:
- A. discontinue the therapy and seek another alternative therapy.
- B. concentrate the preparation to increase its potency in hopes to improve depressive symptoms.
- C. increase the dosage of the substance to increase its effectiveness.
- D. remain on the current regimen since worsening is a positive sign that healing is occurring.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The Law of Cure in homeopathy states that symptoms improve in the reverse order of their appearance.
Step 2: The worsening of symptoms initially is known as a healing crisis or aggravation.
Step 3: By remaining on the current regimen, the patient allows the body to go through the healing process.
Step 4: This indicates that the body is responding to the remedy and working towards a deeper level of healing.
Step 5: Discontinuing therapy or increasing potency/dosage may disrupt this natural healing process.
A newly hired nurse is asked to serve on a committee formed to recruit and retain nurses. At the committee meeting, the nurse learns that:
- A. older nurses are being encouraged to retire so that younger, more efficient nurses can practice.
- B. Magnet hospitals are able to attract nurses with sign-on bonuses and flexible work hours but fail to retain nurses because insufficient autonomy over professional practice is provided.
- C. multitasking is seldom desired by the younger generation of nurses.
- D. many younger workers are less concerned with longevity and are willing to change institutions to achieve professional advancement and flexible work hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Many younger workers prioritize professional advancement and flexible work hours over longevity.
Step 2: This mindset leads them to change institutions to achieve their career goals.
Step 3: The nurse learns about this behavior during the committee meeting.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the behavior and motivations of younger nurses.
Summary:
A: Encouraging older nurses to retire is age discrimination and does not address retention issues.
B: Magnet hospitals attract nurses with benefits, but lack of autonomy is not the primary reason for retention issues.
C: Multitasking preferences do not directly relate to recruitment and retention challenges.
A client and her husband used in vitro fertilization to become pregnant. The unused sperm was frozen so the couple could have more children later. The husband is killed while in combat, and the client journals her choices and the possible ramifications. She comes to the fertility clinic after looking at the situation from many perspectives and after considering many alternatives. She asks that the sperm be destroyed because her husband's faith prohibited remarrying, and allowing another person to use the sperm would conflict with her late husband's beliefs. The nurse realizes that:
- A. the client is in the second step of ethical decision making and that the client's value system is influencing her choices of alternative actions.
- B. a logical line of reasoning has led to validation of the decision to destroy the husband's sperm.
- C. the client has not been able to navigate the complicated issues inherent in this situation.
- D. a rational decision was reached that was based on reflection and on the value systems of the wife and the husband.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the client's decision to destroy the husband's sperm was based on reflection and the value systems of both the wife and the husband. Firstly, the client considered her late husband's faith and beliefs, showing reflection on his values. Secondly, she analyzed the situation from various perspectives and considered alternatives, indicating a rational decision-making process. This decision was reached after careful consideration of ethical and moral implications, demonstrating a logical and reasoned approach. In contrast, choices A and C imply shortcomings in the client's decision-making process, while choice B focuses solely on validation without considering the underlying reasoning. Therefore, choice D is the most appropriate as it aligns with the client's thoughtful and value-based decision-making process.
The nurse who organizes screenings for employees, assesses the work environment for hazards, and teaches health-promoting activities is employed in the field of:
- A. infection control.
- B. occupational health.
- C. informatics.
- D. transportation specialization.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: occupational health. Occupational health nurses focus on promoting and maintaining the health and safety of workers in various industries. They conduct screenings, assess workplace hazards, and provide education on health-related topics. Infection control (choice A) mainly involves preventing the spread of infections in healthcare settings. Informatics (choice C) involves the use of technology to manage and analyze health data. Transportation specialization (choice D) focuses on transportation-related health and safety issues. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for the described role is occupational health.
A nurse is interested in locating reliable information concerning noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Information is located, and the author is a scientist who conducted studies within the last year on the effectiveness of a particular noninvasive blood glucose monitor. The scientist received funding from a pharmaceutical company to support the studies. The URL indicates the pharmaceutical company site.com. The nurse is concerned about this information's:
- A. authority.
- B. objectivity.
- C. accuracy.
- D. currency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: objectivity. The nurse should be concerned about the objectivity of the information due to the potential bias introduced by the funding received from a pharmaceutical company. This could influence the scientist's findings and conclusions to favor the interests of the company, affecting the accuracy of the information. Authority (choice A) refers to the expertise of the author, not the potential bias. Accuracy (choice C) is impacted by objectivity and the potential conflict of interest. Currency (choice D) relates to how up-to-date the information is, which is not the main concern in this scenario.