Nokea
Osteoporosis is a major adverse effect caused by the glucocorticoids. It is due to their ability to:
- A. Increase the excretion of calcium
- B. Inhibit absorption of calcium
- C. Stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- D. Decrease production of prostaglandins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit calcium absorption in the gut, contributing to osteoporosis.
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Which medication ordered for a patient with a substance abuse history has the greatest risk for abuse?
- A. Lomotil
- B. Diazepam
- C. Phenobarbital
- D. Lortab
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lortab is a Schedule III drug with a higher potential for abuse than Lomotil (Schedule V), Diazepam (Schedule IV), and Phenobarbital (Schedule IV).
Scott's seizures are well controlled on topiramate and he wants to start playing baseball. Education for Scott regarding his topiramate includes:
- A. He should not play sports due to the risk of increased seizures
- B. He should monitor his temperature and ability to sweat in the heat while playing
- C. Reminding him that he may need higher dosages of topiramate when exercising
- D. Encouraging him to use sunscreen due to photosensitivity from topiramate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topiramate can impair sweating, increasing heat-related risks during sports.
The following drugs may precipitate angina pectoris EXCEPT:
- A. Amphetamine
- B. Hydralazine
- C. Isoproterenol
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, relieves angina, unlike the others which increase cardiac demand.
Antiemitic used to prevent aspiration in emergency surgery
- A. Ondansetrone
- B. Promethazine
- C. Metoclopromide
- D. Ranitidine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Promethazine (antihistamine) prevents aspiration with sedative effects.
NSAIDs increase the risk of CNS adverse effects when taken with which group of antibiotics?
- A. Macrolides
- B. Penicillins
- C. Aminoglycosides
- D. Quinolones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) with NSAIDs can increase CNS effects like seizures due to GABA inhibition.