Nokea
Over-the-counter drugs that should be avoided in patients with hypertension include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Pseudoephedrine
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because pseudoephedrine, a decongestant, raises blood pressure via vasoconstriction, risky in hypertension, per guidelines. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen doesn't affect BP. Choice C is wrong because ibuprofen's BP effect is milder and not absolute avoidance. Choice D is incorrect since only pseudoephedrine is key.
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Drugs that may increase risk of erectile dysfunction include:
- A. Testosterone
- B. Beta blockers
- C. Alpha blockers
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because beta blockers (e.g., propranolol) can cause erectile dysfunction by reducing blood flow, a known side effect. Choice A is incorrect as testosterone improves erectile function. Choice C is wrong because alpha blockers often treat ED causes. Choice D is incorrect since only beta blockers fit.
Strategies to improve adherence to medication regimes include:
- A. Assuming that the patient understands the directions on the prescription bottle
- B. Using pictograms or illustrations to explain how to take the medication
- C. Assuming that the patient's health literacy level is the same as their general literacy
- D. Using the patient's preferred language when there is a language barrier
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because pictograms clarify instructions visually, aiding comprehension and adherence, especially for low-literacy patients. Choice A is incorrect as assuming understanding can lead to errors. Choice C is wrong because health literacy varies from general literacy, needing specific attention. Choice D is incorrect here as it's a good strategy but not listed in this question's options correctly—B fits best.
A 4-month-old infant has a viral illness with high fever and cough. The infant's parent asks the NP about what to give the infant to help with symptoms. The NP should prescribe which of the following?
- A. Aspirin to treat the fever
- B. Acetaminophen as needed
- C. Dextromethorphan for coughing
- D. An antibiotic to prevent increased infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because acetaminophen is safe for infants to reduce fever. Choice A is incorrect (aspirin risks Reye’s syndrome). Choice C is wrong (dextromethorphan risks respiratory depression). Choice D is inaccurate (antibiotics don’t treat viral illness).
Schedule II drugs are characterized by:
- A. High potential for abuse
- B. Low potential for abuse
- C. No accepted medical use
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because Schedule II drugs (e.g., oxycodone) have a high abuse potential with accepted medical use, per DEA rules. Choice B is incorrect as low potential is Schedule IV/V. Choice C is wrong because no medical use is Schedule I. Choice D is incorrect since only A applies.
Genetic testing prior to prescribing which drug could prevent serious adverse drug reactions?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Codeine
- C. Albuterol
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because genetic testing for CYP2D6 variants can prevent ADRs with codeine; poor metabolizers get no pain relief, while ultrarapid metabolizers risk morphine toxicity. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen metabolism isn't strongly tied to genetic variants causing serious ADRs. Choice C is wrong because albuterol's inhaled use has minimal genetic metabolism risks. Choice D is incorrect since only codeine benefits significantly from pre-prescribing genetic testing.