Nokea
Pancreatic juice .
- A. deactivates bil
- C. is secreted by pancreatic islet cells.
- D. buffers chym
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pancreatic juice buffers chyme, the acidic mixture of partially digested food from the stomach. This buffering action helps maintain the pH level for optimal enzymatic activity in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because pancreatic juice does not deactivate bile; bile aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Choice C is incorrect as pancreatic islet cells secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon, not pancreatic juice. Choice B is incomplete and irrelevant, providing no information related to pancreatic juice function.
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The following areas contain tonsils except which one?
- A. around the frenulum
- B. oral pharynx
- C. nasal pharynx
- D. root of tongue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Tonsils are lymphoid tissues located in the oral and nasal pharynx, and the root of the tongue.
2. The frenulum is a small fold of tissue under the tongue, not known to contain tonsils.
3. Therefore, the area around the frenulum does not contain tonsils.
Summary:
A is correct because tonsils are not found around the frenulum. B, C, and D are incorrect as they are known locations of tonsils in the oral and nasal pharynx and the root of the tongue.
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion that produces insulin?
- A. Liver
- B. Stomach
- C. Pancreas
- D. Gallbladder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is an accessory organ of digestion that produces insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The pancreas also produces digestive enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
A: Liver - The liver is not an organ that produces insulin. It plays a role in metabolism and detoxification.
B: Stomach - The stomach is not involved in producing insulin. It primarily functions in the digestion of food.
D: Gallbladder - The gallbladder stores and releases bile, which aids in digestion. It does not produce insulin.
Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the absorption of water?
- A. small intestine
- B. large intestine
- C. stomach
- D. duodenum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The large intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of water in the digestive system. It reabsorbs water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residue, forming feces. The small intestine is more involved in nutrient absorption. The stomach mainly digests food, while the duodenum is the initial segment of the small intestine where most digestion occurs. The large intestine's main role in water absorption makes it the correct answer.
Brunner's glands produce ______ and are found in the ______.
- A. hormones; duodenum
- B. mucus; duodenum
- C. enzymes; ileum
- D. mucus; ileum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Brunner's glands produce mucus and are found in the duodenum. This is because mucus helps protect the duodenal lining from acidic chyme entering from the stomach. Choice A is incorrect as Brunner's glands do not produce hormones. Choice C is incorrect as enzymes are primarily produced by the pancreas and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as Brunner's glands are not found in the ileum and do not produce mucus in that location.
The patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease should be taught:
- A. To avoid coffee, tea, or other caffeine-containing beverages.
- B. To take H2 blockers, such as ranitidine, as directed.
- C. To avoid acidic foods such as citrus or tomato.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with GERD should avoid foods and beverages that can irritate the esophagus, and taking H2 blockers can reduce acid production.