Questions for the Respiratory System

Questions for the Respiratory System Related

Review Questions for the Respiratory System related questions and content

Partial pressure of oxygen in the inspired and expired air is respectively

  • A. 158 and 116 mm Hg
  • B. 158 and 40 mm Hg
  • C. 100 and 95 mm Hg
  • D. 40 and 95 mm hg
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (158 and 116 mm Hg) because in inspired air, the partial pressure of oxygen is around 158 mm Hg, which corresponds to the atmospheric oxygen level. During expiration, some oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in oxygen partial pressure to around 116 mm Hg.

Choice B is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen in expired air is not as high as 40 mm Hg, which is too low for the oxygen content in the air we breathe.

Choice C is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air is not exactly 100 mm Hg, and the partial pressure in expired air is not as close to 95 mm Hg.

Choice D is incorrect because the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air is not as low as 40 mm Hg, and the partial pressure in expired air is not as high as 95 mm Hg.

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What type of muscle wraps around a respiratory bronchiole and can change the diameter of the airway?

  • A. skeletal muscle
  • B. smooth muscle
  • C. cardiac muscle
  • D. voluntary muscle
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is the type of muscle that wraps around a respiratory bronchiole and can contract or relax to change the diameter of the airway. This allows for regulation of airflow in the respiratory system. Skeletal muscle (choice A) is attached to bones and is under voluntary control, not found in the bronchioles. Cardiac muscle (choice C) is specific to the heart and does not control airway diameter. Voluntary muscle (choice D) refers to skeletal muscle, which is not present in the bronchioles and does not regulate airway diameter involuntarily.

A nurse assesses a client after a thoracentesis. Which assessment finding warrants immediate action?

  • A. The client rates pain as a 5/10 at the site of the procedure.
  • B. A small amount of drainage from the site is noted.
  • C. Pulse oximetry is 93% on 2 liters of oxygen.
  • D. The trachea is deviated toward the opposite side of the neck.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because tracheal deviation indicates a potential pneumothorax, a life-threatening complication of thoracentesis. Trachea should be midline. A, B, and C are incorrect because mild pain, small drainage, and slightly decreased oxygen saturation are expected findings post-thoracentesis and do not necessitate immediate action.

A nurse performs an admission assessment on a client with a diagnosis of tuberculosis. The nurse reviews the results of which diagnostic test that will confirm this diagnosis?

  • A. Bronchoscopy.
  • B. Sputum culture.
  • C. Chest x-ray.
  • D. Tuberculin skin test.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sputum culture. This test confirms the diagnosis of tuberculosis by identifying the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum sample. It is the gold standard for diagnosing active tuberculosis. Bronchoscopy (A) is invasive and used to visualize the airways, not for confirming TB diagnosis. Chest x-ray (C) may show characteristic findings of TB, but it does not confirm the diagnosis. Tuberculin skin test (D) only indicates exposure to TB bacteria, not active infection.

In general, when looking at acid-base balance, how does the body compensate with metabolic acidosis?

  • A. Lungs ""blow off"" CO2 to raise pH
  • B. Lungs retain CO2 to lower pH
  • C. Kidneys retain more HCO3 to raise the pH
  • D. Kidneys excrete more HCO3 to lower pH
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In metabolic acidosis, the lungs compensate by increasing respiratory rate and depth ('blowing off' CO2) to reduce acidity and raise pH. B is incorrect because retaining CO2 would worsen acidosis. C is partially true long-term but slower acting than pulmonary compensation. D is incorrect because excreting bicarbonate lowers pH further.

A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

  • A. decrease the rate of breathing
  • B. double the respiratory rate
  • C. decrease pulmonary ventilation
  • D. decrease the alveolar ventilation rate
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A 10% increase in CO2 levels triggers chemoreceptors to signal the brainstem, increasing the respiratory rate to eliminate excess CO2. This is known as hypercapnia-induced hyperventilation. Option A is incorrect because an increase in CO2 levels would not decrease the rate of breathing. Option C is incorrect because an increase in CO2 would actually stimulate an increase in pulmonary ventilation to remove the excess CO2. Option D is incorrect because alveolar ventilation (gas exchange in the lungs) would increase, not decrease, to maintain proper oxygen and CO2 levels in the body.

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