Nokea
Patients with iron deficiency will develop:
- A. Hemolytic anemia
- B. Megaloblastic anemia
- C. Macrocytic-hypochromic anemia
- D. Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron deficiency causes microcytic-hypochromic anemia due to reduced hemoglobin synthesis.
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Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
- A. OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
- B. OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- C. OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.
- D. OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions.
Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
Activation of central alpha2 receptors results in inhibition of cardio acceleration and centers in the brain.
- A. Vasodilation
- B. Vasoconstriction
- C. Cardiovascular
- D. Respiratory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha2 receptor activation (e.g., by clonidine) causes vasoconstriction and reduced sympathetic outflow.
Which statement is not correct about metformin:
- A. Is for internal use only
- B. Reduce weight, apetite
- C. More frequently causes nausea and vomiting comparing with other hypoglicemic drugs
- D. Use for diabetes mellitus type I
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is not typically used for type 1 diabetes, which requires insulin, as it acts on insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose production.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is starting Simvastatin. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take this medication in the evening.
- B. Change position slowly when rising from a chair.
- C. Maintain a steady intake of green leafy vegetables.
- D. Consume no more than 1 L/day of fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Simvastatin is taken in the evening when cholesterol synthesis peaks.