Nokea
Patients with iron deficiency will develop:
- A. Hemolytic anemia
- B. Megaloblastic anemia
- C. Macrocytic-hypochromic anemia
- D. Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron deficiency causes microcytic-hypochromic anemia due to reduced hemoglobin synthesis.
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The FDA established a safety information and adverse events reporting program called MedWatch. Which individuals can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, or dietary supplements?
- A. Physicians
- B. Nurses
- C. Patients
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anyone can access the MedWatch website to obtain safety alerts on drugs, devices, or dietary supplements.
The nurse uses what term to describe the drug level required to have a therapeutic effect?
- A. Critical concentration
- B. Dynamic equilibrium
- C. Selective toxicity
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within the cells to bring about the desired therapeutic effect. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney.
The nurse administers a specific medication to an older adult patient every 4 hours. The patient has a history of chronic renal failure. Why would this patient be at risk for toxic drug levels?
- A. Cumulative effect
- B. First-pass effect
- C. Drug interactions
- D. Cross-tolerance effect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If a drug is taken in successive doses at intervals that are shorter than recommended, or if the body is unable to eliminate a drug properly, the drug can accumulate in the body, leading to toxic levels and adverse effects. This is a cumulative effect. First-pass effect addresses the reduction of available drug when taken orally due to metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the bloodstream. Drug interactions occur when taken with other drugs, food, or complementary alternative therapies. Cross-tolerance is resistance to drugs within the same class.
Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are used to prevent respiratory distress, particularly in preterm infants, by promoting lung maturation.
A charge nurse is planning a staff education session to discuss medications used during the care of a client experiencing alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following medications should the charge nurse include in the discussion?
- A. Lorazepam
- B. Prednisolone
- C. Disulfiram
- D. Naltrexone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lorazepam and diazepam manage withdrawal symptoms; disulfiram and naltrexone are for maintenance.