Nokea
Patrick, a healthy adolescent has meningitis and is receiving I.V. and oral fluids. The nurse should monitor this client’s fluid intake because fluid overload may cause:
- A. Cerebral edema
- B. Dehydration
- C. Heart failure
- D. Hypovolemic shock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid overload in a patient with meningitis can exacerbate cerebral edema, increasing intracranial pressure and worsening the condition.
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Which of the following drugs have no mortality benefit?
- A. Nitrates
- B. Beta-blockers
- C. Trimetazidine
- D. RAAS blockers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trimetazidine is used as an adjunct therapy in ischemic heart disease but does not have a proven mortality benefit, unlike RAAS blockers, beta-blockers, and nitrates.
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is excluded by:
- A. A normal CSF
- B. The presence of autonomic neuropathy
- C. Distinct sensory level
- D. Ophthalmoplegia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A distinct sensory level is not a feature of GBS, which typically presents with ascending symmetrical weakness and absent reflexes.
Common presenting features of myotonic dystrophy are:
- A. Floppy infant
- B. Corneal opacities
- C. Frontal baldness
- D. Macro-orchidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Macro-orchidism: Myotonic dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness and myotonia. Macro-orchidism (enlarged testes) is a distinctive feature, especially in male patients.
Regarding hypogonadotropic hypogonadism:
- A. Kallman syndrome is an example
- B. It is caused by testicular atrophy secondary to trauma
- C. LHRH testing is used to distinguish it from other forms of hypogonadism
- D. It is treated with buserelin sprays
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kallman syndrome is a classic example of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by delayed puberty and anosmia.
Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?
- A. Seizures
- B. Cardiac arrhythmias
- C. Pulmonary hypertension
- D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac valve damage is the most significant complication of rheumatic fever. Seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension are not common complications of rheumatic fever.