Nokea
Phenylephrine is useful for all of the following except
- A. Anaphylactic shock
- B. Mydriasis
- C. Nasal decongestant
- D. Artial tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenylephrine (alpha-agonist) is not used in anaphylactic shock (epinephrine is preferred).
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All the following cross placenta except
- A. Warfarin
- B. Heparin
- C. Phenindione
- D. Morphine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heparin, a large molecule, does not cross the placenta; others do.
All the following induce hepatic enzymes except
- A. Rifampicin
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Barbiturates
- D. Tolbutamide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tolbutamide does not significantly induce enzymes; others do.
A 27-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department (ED) after a serious motorcycle accident. The patient has a head injury, abrasions covering the left side of his body, a broken left femur, and internal injuries that are not fully assessed at this time. He is transferred from the ED to the intensive care unit (ICU). The nurse who is going to care for this patient in the ICU knows that a priority responsibility in regard to drug therapy is what?
- A. Support vital functions
- B. Continue curative treatment
- C. Institute life-saving treatment
- D. Monitor patient's response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring response ensures therapy adjusts to the patient's critical condition, a priority in ICU.
To prevent life-threatening events from rapid withdrawal of a beta blocker:
- A. The dosage interval should be increased by 1 hour each day.
- B. An alpha blocker should be added to the treatment regimen before withdrawal.
- C. The dosage should be tapered over a period of weeks.
- D. The dosage should be decreased by one-half every 4 days.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tapering over weeks prevents rebound hypertension or ischemia.
Half-lives of hydrophilic beta-blockers tend to be longer than their lipophilic counterparts.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrophilic beta-blockers (e.g., atenolol) have longer half-lives due to renal elimination, unlike lipophilic ones (e.g., propranolol) metabolized by the liver.