Nokea
Pinnaglobin is a brown coloured blood pigment present in the plasma of the mollusk Pinna. It contains
- A. Iron
- B. Copper
- C. Manganese
- D. Vanadium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Copper. Pinnaglobin is a copper-containing blood pigment found in the plasma of the mollusk Pinna. Copper ions are essential for the formation of this pigment. Iron (Choice A), Manganese (Choice C), and Vanadium (Choice D) are not typically found in Pinnaglobin. Iron is commonly associated with hemoglobin in vertebrates, while manganese and vanadium do not play a significant role in mollusk blood pigments. Therefore, the presence of copper in Pinnaglobin makes Choice B the correct answer.
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A nurse in a medical unit is caring for a client with heart failure. The client suddenly develops extreme dyspnea,tachycardia and lung crackles. The nurse immediately asks another nurse to contact the primary health care provider and prepares to implement ALL priority interventions EXCEPT?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Administer furosemide (diuretic)
- C. Transport to coronary care unit
- D. Obtain stat Hepatic Panel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Option C, transporting the client to the coronary care unit, is not the priority intervention because the client is presenting with acute pulmonary edema, a sign of worsening heart failure. Administering oxygen (Option A) is crucial to improve oxygenation. Administering furosemide (Option B) helps reduce fluid overload. Obtaining a stat Hepatic Panel (Option D) may be necessary to assess liver function due to medication side effects. However, immediate actions to address respiratory distress and tachycardia take precedence over moving the client to another unit.
At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.
- A. 10
- B. 25
- C. 50
- D. more than 90
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (more than 90). At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg, hemoglobin is more than 90% saturated with oxygen due to the high oxygen affinity of hemoglobin at this partial pressure. Hemoglobin exhibits near-maximal saturation at this level, promoting efficient oxygen binding and transport. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the high oxygen saturation levels associated with a PO2 of 70 mm Hg.
When CO2 diffuses into blood in systemic capillaries most of it:
- A. Remains in solution as CO2
- B. Converts to carbamino compounds
- C. Converts to bicarbonate ions in RBC
- D. Combines with Hb directly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the majority of CO2 diffusing into blood combines with water inside red blood cells (RBC) to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. This reaction is facilitated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. This process allows for efficient transport of CO2 in the bloodstream. Choices A and B are incorrect as CO2 primarily undergoes conversion to bicarbonate ions, not remaining in solution as CO2 or forming carbamino compounds. Option D is incorrect as CO2 does not directly combine with hemoglobin.
Which metal ion is often present in the active site of carbonic anhydrase enzymes?
- A. Iron (Fe)
- B. Calcium (Ca)
- C. Zinc (Zn)
- D. Magnesium (Mg)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Zinc (Zn). Zinc is often present in the active site of carbonic anhydrase enzymes because it plays a crucial role in catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. Zinc ions have the appropriate coordination geometry and charge to facilitate this reaction efficiently. Iron (Fe) is not typically found in the active site of carbonic anhydrase enzymes. Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) do not have the appropriate properties to serve as the catalytic metal ion in this enzyme. Therefore, zinc (Zn) is the correct answer due to its specific role and properties in the catalytic mechanism of carbonic anhydrase enzymes.
A client with suspected tuberculosis will most likely relate which clinical manifestations?
- A. Fatigue, weight loss, low grade fevers, night sweats.
- B. Dyspnea, chest pain, cough.
- C. Rapid shallow breathing, prolonged labored expiration, stridor.
- D. Dyspnea, hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A client with suspected tuberculosis is likely to experience fatigue, weight loss, low-grade fevers, and night sweats due to the chronic infection affecting the body. Fatigue and weight loss are common symptoms of active tuberculosis due to the systemic impact of the infection. Low-grade fevers and night sweats are characteristic of tuberculosis due to the body's immune response. These symptoms are key indicators of tuberculosis infection.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe symptoms that are not typically associated with tuberculosis. Dyspnea, chest pain, and cough (Choice B) are more commonly seen in respiratory conditions such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Rapid shallow breathing, prolonged labored expiration, and stridor (Choice C) are indicative of airway obstruction rather than tuberculosis. Dyspnea, hypoxemia, and decreased pulmonary compliance (Choice D) are more characteristic of conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rather than tuberculosis.