Nokea
Place in order the expected sequence of fine motor developmental milestones for an infant beginning with the first milestone achieved and ending with the last milestone achieved. Provide answer using lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d, e).
- A. Voluntary palmar grasp
- B. Reflex palmar grasp
- C. Puts objects into a container
- D. Neat pincer grasp
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1. Reflex palmar grasp (B) - Infants are born with a reflex called the palmar grasp reflex, which means they automatically close their fingers around an object placed in their palm. This reflex typically disappears around 3-4 months of age.
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In embryonic period, formation of all of the following occur by the given time EXCEPT
- A. 8 days - blastocyst formation
- B. 6 weeks - ectoderm formation
- C. 8 weeks - crown-rump length about 3 cm
- D. 10 weeks - endoderm formation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endoderm formation occurs much earlier than 10 weeks in the embryonic period.
The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child with impetigo contagiosa. The parents ask the nurse what will happen to their child's skin after the infection has subsided and healed. Which answer should the nurse give?
- A. There will be no scarring.
- B. There may be some pigmented spots.
- C. It is likely there will be some slightly depressed scars.
- D. There will be some atrophic white scars.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Impetigo contagiosa typically does not leave scarring once it has subsided and healed. This skin infection primarily affects the superficial layers of the skin and does not cause damage deep enough to result in scarring. While there may be some temporary pigmented spots or mild changes in skin color after the infection resolves, scarring is not a common outcome of impetigo contagiosa in most cases. Thus, the nurse should reassure the parents that their child's skin is not likely to have any scarring after the infection has healed.
A 46 y.o. woman is admitted to the rehabilitation unit with left-sided hemiparesis resulting from a subarachnoid hemorrhage. She is not oriented to her surroundings or situation, but she does recognize her family. On admission, she tells her nurse that she can walk to the bathroom without assistance. Which of the ff. responses by the nurse is best?
- A. Allow her to ambulate unassisted, to encourage positive self-esteem.
- B. Ask her to demonstrate her ability to ambulate.
- C. Explain that someone will assist her as long as she is in the rehabilitation facility.
- D. Ask another staff member to help ambulate the patient the first time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best response by the nurse is to explain that someone will assist the patient as long as she is in the rehabilitation facility. This is important for ensuring the safety of the patient, especially considering her condition with left-sided hemiparesis resulting from a subarachnoid hemorrhage. While encouraging independence is important in rehabilitation, it should not compromise the patient's safety. The nurse should prioritize the patient's well-being and provide necessary assistance to prevent any potential falls or injuries during ambulation.aising the risk of falling or getting injured.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease that results in the body's inability to correctly metabolize:
- A. glucose.
- B. phenylalanine.
- C. phenylketones.
- D. thyroxine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Individuals with PKU lack an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase, which results in the buildup of phenylalanine in the body. If untreated, high levels of phenylalanine can lead to intellectual disabilities, seizures, and other serious health problems. Therefore, individuals with PKU need to follow a special diet low in phenylalanine to prevent these complications.
Patient S is a sexually active adolescent; which of the following instructions would be included in the preventive teaching plan about urinary tract infections?
- A. Drinking acidic juices
- B. Avoiding urinating before intercourse
- C. Wearing nylon underwear
- D. Wiping back to front
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Drinking acidic juices, such as cranberry juice, can help make the urine more acidic, which can potentially prevent bacteria from sticking to the urinary tract walls and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections. It is important to note that while acidic juices can be beneficial in some cases, they should not be relied upon as the sole preventive measure for UTIs. Other important preventive measures include staying hydrated, practicing good hygiene, and urinating before and after intercourse.