Nokea
Plotted curve usually begins in the lower left corner
- A. Cumulative frequency curve
- B. Survival curve
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cumulative frequency curves start at the lower left corner.
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When is initiating surveillance for a new public health problem justified?
- A. If it is a communicable disease with a high case-fatality rate.
- B. If the problem is new and systematically collected data are needed to characterize the disease.
- C. If a program at CDC has recommended its addition to better understand national trends and patterns.
- D. To guide, monitor, and evaluate programs to prevent or control the problem.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Surveillance is essential to guide and evaluate prevention and control strategies.
For 95% confidence limit truth is
- A. Reduces 95% confidence of values
- B. 96 of standard error of mean
- C. 56 of standard error of mean
- D. 5% of standard error of mean
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For 95% confidence limits, approximately 1.96 times the standard error is used.
Discuss the possible health effects that have been associated with exposure to electric and magnetic fields and ionizing radiation.
- A. EMF: unclear evidence; Ionizing: cancer risk.
- B. EMF: immediate death; Ionizing: no known risks.
- C. EMF: improved sleep; Ionizing: enhanced mood.
- D. EMF: faster metabolism; Ionizing: increased energy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence linking EMFs to health effects is inconclusive, while ionizing radiation is a well-established carcinogen.
Accepting null hypothesis when it is false is
- A. Type I error
- B. Type II error
- C. α error
- D. µ error
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted.
In Pneumoconiosis all are included except
- A. Asbestosis
- B. Silicosis
- C. Anthracosis
- D. Bagasosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bagasosis is not a type of pneumoconiosis; it is a respiratory condition caused by exposure to sugarcane dust.