Nokea
Which antibody is at the higher concentration at colostrums?
- A. IgG
- B. IgM
- C. IgA
- D. IgE
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IgA is the predominant antibody found in colostrum, providing passive immunity to newborns.
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CDM stands for-
- A. clean development mechanism
- B. community development mechanism
- C. clear development model
- D. none
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a part of the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing emissions.
When is initiating surveillance for a new public health problem justified?
- A. If it is a communicable disease with a high case-fatality rate.
- B. If the problem is new and systematically collected data are needed to characterize the disease.
- C. If a program at CDC has recommended its addition to better understand national trends and patterns.
- D. To guide, monitor, and evaluate programs to prevent or control the problem.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Surveillance is essential to guide and evaluate prevention and control strategies.
Define the following terms: latency
- A. The time between exposure to a hazard and the onset of symptoms.
- B. The strength of a chemical bond.
- C. The period during which a disease is contagious.
- D. The duration of a clinical trial.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Latency refers to the delay between exposure to a harmful agent and the manifestation of health effects.
Vibrio cholera are destroyed by all except
- A. boiling
- B. drying
- C. bleaching powder(1 mg/lit.)
- D. cresol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cresol is not effective against Vibrio cholerae, while boiling, drying, and bleaching powder are effective methods for destroying the bacteria.
The denominator to calculate literacy rate is
- A. Population above 14 years
- B. Total population
- C. Population above 7 years of age
- D. Population above 10 years of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Literacy rate is calculated using the population above 7 years of age, as this is the standard age group considered for educational attainment.