NCLEX Prevention of Disease Questions

NCLEX Prevention of Disease Questions Related

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Surgeons at hospital A report that the mortality rate at the end of a 1-year follow-up after a new coronary bypass procedure is 15%. At hospital B, the surgeons report a 1-year mortality rate of 8% after the same procedure. Before concluding that the surgeons at hospital B had vastly superior skill, which of the following possible confounding factors would you examine?

  • A. The severity(stage) of disease of the patients at the two hospitals at baseline.
  • B. The start of the one-year follow-up at both hospitals(after operation versus after discharge).
  • C. Differences in postoperative care at the two hospitals.
  • D. Equality of follow-up for mortality.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All listed factors (a-d) could contribute to differences in mortality rates, making 'all of the above' the most comprehensive answer. Since we shift 'E' options to 'D', D is correct.

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The denominator to calculate literacy rate is

  • A. Population above 14 years
  • B. Total population
  • C. Population above 7 years of age
  • D. Population above 10 years of age
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Literacy rate is calculated using the population above 7 years of age, as this is the standard age group considered for educational attainment.

Define in your own words the term 'risk factor'.

  • A. A characteristic or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing a disease.
  • B. A factor that decreases disease risk.
  • C. A protective measure against illness.
  • D. A statistical anomaly in health data.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic, or exposure that increases the probability of an individual developing a disease or health condition.

Observation checklist is the................ of data collection

  • A. Tool
  • B. Method
  • C. Manual
  • D. Guideline
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An observation checklist serves as a tool for systematically collecting data during observations.

Describe the significance for epidemiology of the identification of specific agents of disease.

  • A. It allows for targeted treatments.
  • B. It proves that all diseases are infectious.
  • C. It eliminates the need for surveillance.
  • D. It focuses solely on chronic diseases.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Identifying specific agents enables effective prevention, control, and treatment strategies.

Vibrio cholera are destroyed by all except

  • A. boiling
  • B. drying
  • C. bleaching powder(1 mg/lit.)
  • D. cresol
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cresol is not effective against Vibrio cholerae, while boiling, drying, and bleaching powder are effective methods for destroying the bacteria.

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