Nokea
Which of the following is the strength of Case control study?
- A. rare disease
- B. bias can be minimized
- C. temporal relationship can be established
- D. relative risk can be calculated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Case-control studies are particularly useful for studying rare diseases.
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Discuss the possible health effects that have been associated with exposure to electric and magnetic fields and ionizing radiation.
- A. EMF: unclear evidence; Ionizing: cancer risk.
- B. EMF: immediate death; Ionizing: no known risks.
- C. EMF: improved sleep; Ionizing: enhanced mood.
- D. EMF: faster metabolism; Ionizing: increased energy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence linking EMFs to health effects is inconclusive, while ionizing radiation is a well-established carcinogen.
Which one are two dimensional diagrams?
- A. Bar diagrams
- B. Cubes
- C. Circles
- D. None of them
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bar diagrams represent two-dimensional data.
For 95% confidence limit truth is
- A. Reduces 95% confidence of values
- B. 96 of standard error of mean
- C. 56 of standard error of mean
- D. 5% of standard error of mean
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For 95% confidence limits, approximately 1.96 times the standard error is used.
First step of epidemic investigation?
- A. Preparing case definition
- B. Mapping the epidemic
- C. Confirmation
- D. Searching for the cases
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first step in investigating an epidemic is to confirm the existence of the outbreak through verification of cases.
Accepting null hypothesis when it is false is
- A. Type I error
- B. Type II error
- C. α error
- D. µ error
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted.