Nokea
Plotted curve usually begins in the upper left corner
- A. Cumulative frequency curve
- B. Survival curve
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Survival curves begin in the upper left corner indicating 100% survival initially.
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The impact of an exposure on a population does not depend upon:
- A. the strength of the association between exposure and disease.
- B. the prevalence of the exposure.
- C. the case fatality rate.
- D. the overall incidence rate of disease in the population.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The case fatality rate refers to the proportion of individuals with a disease who die from it. While important, it does not directly determine the impact of an exposure on a population. The impact depends more on prevalence, incidence, and strength of association.
Very simple probability is:
- A. conditional probability
- B. marginal probability
- C. binomial probability
- D. both(b)&(c)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Marginal probability is a basic form of probability focusing on individual events.
The measure of spread most affected by one extreme value is the:
- A. Interquartile range
- B. Range
- C. Standard deviation
- D. Mean
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The range depends only on the largest and smallest values, making it sensitive to outliers.
Vitamin A in vegetable source is called:
- A. Retinol
- B. Carotene
- C. Panthothenic acid
- D. Calciferol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In vegetable sources, vitamin A is present as carotene, which is converted to retinol in the body.
Describe the significance for epidemiology of the use of natural experiments.
- A. Natural experiments allow for randomized controlled trials.
- B. Natural experiments eliminate the need for data collection.
- C. Natural experiments provide real-world data without artificial manipulation.
- D. Natural experiments are only used in laboratory settings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural experiments study real-world conditions, providing valuable insights into disease causation and prevention.