Nokea
PNMR refers to:
- A. post Neonatal mortality rate
- B. post natal mortality rate
- C. perinatal mortality rate
- D. prenatal mortality rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-neonatal mortality rate refers to deaths occurring between 28 days and one year of age.
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Arrange a field visit to a health-related agency that is located in your community. An example might be a public health department, nonprofit health-related organization, or research institute. Find out about how epidemiologists contribute to these settings.
- A. Field visits reveal hands-on contributions of epidemiologists to public health initiatives.
- B. Visits are purely recreational.
- C. Agencies do not employ epidemiologists.
- D. Such visits offer no educational benefit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Field visits expose students to applied epidemiology, demonstrating how professionals address public health challenges in real-world contexts.
A case definition during an outbreak investigation should specify:
- A. Clinical features
- B. Time
- C. Place
- D. Person
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A good case definition includes clinical criteria and details on time, place, and person to ensure consistent identification of cases.
Among the routine vaccine of EPI which one is most sensitive to heat
- A. TT
- B. Measles
- C. Polio
- D. DPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is highly sensitive to heat, requiring careful storage in a cold chain.
Aflatoxin causes,
- A. neurolathyrism
- B. hepatoma
- C. cholengio carcinoma
- D. botulism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds that primarily cause liver cancer (hepatoma).
Clinical case of JE was first reported in
- A. 1976
- B. 1978
- C. 1980
- D. 1982
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first clinical case of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Nepal was reported in 1976.