Nokea
Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the:
- A. neurohypophysis.
- B. pancreas.
- C. anterior pituitary gland.
- D. posterior pituitary gland.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: anterior pituitary gland. Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, where they regulate the release of hormones. Releasing hormones do not target the neurohypophysis (choice A) or the posterior pituitary gland (choice D) directly. They also do not affect the pancreas (choice B) in this context. Thus, the correct answer is the anterior pituitary gland due to its role in receiving and responding to releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
You may also like to solve these questions
Identify the mechanisms that control the production and release of hormones.
- A. hormonal, neural and sensory
- B. hormonal, humoral and neural
- C. hormonal, humoral and sensory
- D. humoral, neural and sensory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormonal, humoral, and neural. Hormonal regulation involves feedback loops where hormone levels control their own production. Humoral regulation involves substances in body fluids influencing hormone release. Neural regulation involves the nervous system influencing hormone production. Option A is incorrect because sensory mechanisms do not directly control hormone production. Option C is incorrect because sensory mechanisms are not typically involved in hormone regulation. Option D is incorrect because hormonal control is a key mechanism that was omitted.
Which of the following are incorrectly paired?
- A. Gluconeogenesis : Cortisol
- B. Free fatty acid mobilization : Dehydroepiandrosterone
- C. Muscle glycogenolysis : Epinephrine
- D. Kaliuresis : Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because free fatty acid mobilization is primarily regulated by cortisol, not dehydroepiandrosterone. Cortisol promotes lipolysis and stimulates the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Dehydroepiandrosterone is a precursor hormone mainly involved in sex hormone production and has minimal effects on free fatty acid mobilization. Choices A, C, and D are correctly paired as gluconeogenesis is stimulated by cortisol, muscle glycogenolysis is regulated by epinephrine, and kaliuresis is induced by aldosterone.
What are two effects of hypokalemia on the endocrine system?
- A. Decreased insulin and aldosterone release
- B. Decreased glucagon and increased cortisol release
- C. Decreased release of atrial natriuretic factor and increased ADH release
- D. Decreased release of parathyroid hormone and increased calcitonin release
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypokalemia can lead to decreased release of atrial natriuretic factor and increased ADH release as the body attempts to balance sodium and fluid levels.
A nurse finds that before lunch a diabetic client is having signs of hypoglycemia. The accucheck is 54. How many grams of carbohydrates should the nurse give immediately to the client?
- A. 20 grams
- B. 15 grams
- C. 10 grams
- D. 5 grams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 70 mg/dL), the nurse should give 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to quickly raise the blood glucose level.
In Which of the Following Pairs, the Hormone of Endocrine Glands and Its Primary Action Is Incorrect or Mismatched?
- A. Calcitonin - Lower blood calcium levels
- B. Parathyroid - Raises blood calcium levels
- C. Somatostatin - Inhibits release of glucagon
- D. Melatonin - Regulates the rate of cellular metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - Melatonin - Regulates the rate of cellular metabolism. Melatonin is a hormone primarily involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles, not cellular metabolism.
A: Calcitonin - Lower blood calcium levels - Correct. Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels.
B: Parathyroid - Raises blood calcium levels - Correct. Parathyroid hormone is released by the parathyroid glands to raise blood calcium levels.
C: Somatostatin - Inhibits release of glucagon - Correct. Somatostatin inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin.