Precautions that should be taken when prescribing controlled substances include:
- A. Faxing the prescription for a Schedule II drug directly to the pharmacy
- B. Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs
- C. Keeping any pre-signed prescription pads in a locked drawer in the clinic
- D. Using only numbers to indicate the amount of drug to be prescribed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tamper-proof paper prevents fraud, a key precaution; faxing Schedule II has restrictions, and locking pads or numbers-only are less specific.
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Cruciferous vegetables may alter drug pharmacokinetics by:
- A. Enhancing absorption of weakly acidic drugs
- B. Altering CYP 3A4 activity, leading to elevated levels of drugs, such as the statins
- C. Inducing CYP 1A2, possibly leading to therapeutic failure of drugs metabolized by CYP 1A2
- D. Decreasing first-pass metabolism of drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cruciferous vegetables (e.g., broccoli) induce CYP1A2, accelerating metabolism of drugs like theophylline, potentially reducing efficacy.
Glucocorticoids enhance:
- A. Inhibition of phospholipase A2 in leukocytes with stimulation of annexin synthesis
- B. Decrease of thrombocyte activating factor via inhibition of 5 lipooxigenase
- C. Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis and decrease of lyso-glycerilphosphorilcholine production
- D. inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via blocking 12 lypooxigenase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit phospholipase A2, reducing inflammatory mediators by stimulating annexin (lipocortin) synthesis.
If an agonist can produce submaximal effects and has moderate efficacy it's called:
- A. Partial agonist
- B. Antagonist
- C. Agonist-antagonist
- D. Full agonist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A partial agonist produces a submaximal effect even at full receptor occupancy.
The nurse, working on the maternity unit, receives a call from a pregnant woman asking how she can know whether a medication is safe to take while pregnant. What is the nurses best response?
- A. You can take any drug indicated as a Category A.
- B. No medications should be taken during pregnancy.
- C. Never take medication until you receive approval from your health care provider.
- D. Most medications are safe but you need to weigh benefit against risk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best response to a pregnant woman asking about medication usage is to talk with her obstetric practitioner because the best advice will come from someone who knows their health and pregnancy history. While Category A drugs have no known risk, they may be contraindicated by the woman's health condition or pregnancy issues and many pregnant women would not know what it means to be a Category A drug. Medications can be helpful during pregnancy if taken safely and appropriately. Although risk benefit needs to be weighed, it should occur with advice from the obstetric practitioner.
GLP-1 agonists:
- A. Directly bind to a receptor in the pancreatic beta cell
- B. Have been approved for monotherapy
- C. Speed gastric emptying to decrease appetite
- D. Can be given orally once daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: GLP-1 agonists bind beta-cell receptors to enhance insulin release; they're not monotherapy-approved or oral .