HESI Maternal Newborn

HESI Maternal Newborn Related

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Preconception counseling is crucial for the safe management of diabetic pregnancies. Which complication is commonly associated with poor glycemic control before and during early pregnancy?

  • A. Frequent episodes of maternal hypoglycemia
  • B. Congenital anomalies in the fetus
  • C. Hydramnios
  • D. Hyperemesis gravidarum
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Preconception counseling is essential as strict metabolic control before conception and in the early weeks of gestation helps reduce the risk of congenital anomalies. Frequent episodes of maternal hypoglycemia usually occur during the first trimester due to hormonal changes, affecting insulin production and use, rather than before conception. Hydramnios is more common in diabetic pregnancies, typically seen in the third trimester, not during early pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum, although it may lead to hypoglycemic events, is related to decreased food intake and glucose transfer to the fetus, exacerbating hypoglycemia rather than being directly associated with poor glycemic control before and during early pregnancy.

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A nurse is caring for an infant who has signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

  • A. Provide a calm environment
  • B. Monitor blood glucose levels every hour
  • C. Initiate seizure precautions
  • D. Place the infant on their back with legs extended
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Initiating seizure precautions is crucial when caring for an infant with neonatal abstinence syndrome due to the increased risk of seizures. Providing a calm environment (Choice A) is important to reduce stimulation as these infants may be irritable. Monitoring blood glucose levels (Choice B) is not typically a priority in neonatal abstinence syndrome unless specific signs or symptoms suggest the need for this assessment. Placing the infant on their back with legs extended (Choice D) does not directly address the potential complications associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome, such as seizures.

A client experiencing preterm labor is being taught about terbutaline by a nurse. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. "The medication could cause me to experience heart palpitations."
  • B. "This medication could cause me to experience blurred vision."
  • C. "This medication could cause me to experience ringing in my ears."
  • D. "This medication could cause me to experience frequent urination."
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Terbutaline is a beta-adrenergic agonist used to stop preterm labor. One of its common side effects is heart palpitations due to its action on beta receptors in the heart. Choices B and C are incorrect because blurred vision and ringing in the ears are not common side effects of terbutaline. Choice D is irrelevant to the side effects of terbutaline.

Which of the following illnesses causes degeneration of the central nervous system?

  • A. Tay-Sachs disease
  • B. Cystic fibrosis
  • C. Turner syndrome
  • D. Klinefelter syndrome
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that causes a progressive degeneration of the central nervous system, particularly in infants. Choice B, Cystic fibrosis, is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, not the central nervous system. Choices C and D, Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, are chromosomal disorders that do not directly involve degeneration of the central nervous system.

Does the probability of having a child with Down's syndrome increase with the age of the parents?

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
  • C. Sometimes
  • D. Never
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Advanced parental age, particularly maternal age, is associated with an increased risk of Down's syndrome in offspring. As parents get older, the likelihood of having a child with Down's syndrome increases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the risk of Down's syndrome is known to rise with parental age, especially maternal age, due to the increased likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities during egg formation.

Which drug was marketed in the 1960s to pregnant women and caused birth defects such as missing or stunted limbs in infants?

  • A. Progestin
  • B. Estrogen
  • C. Thalidomide
  • D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thalidomide is the correct answer. Thalidomide was a drug marketed in the 1960s to pregnant women as a sedative and anti-nausea medication but tragically led to severe birth defects, including limb deformities, when taken during pregnancy. Progestin (Choice A) and Estrogen (Choice B) are hormones that are not associated with causing birth defects like Thalidomide. Oxytocin (Choice D) is a hormone that plays a role in labor and breastfeeding and is not known to cause birth defects like Thalidomide.

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