Nokea
Pregnant patients who are taking isoniazid (INH) should take 25 mg/day of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent:
- A. Beriberi
- B. Peripheral neuropathy
- C. Rickets
- D. Megaloblastic anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B6 supplementation prevents INH-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the types of medication orders? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Stat orders are the same as single dose orders.
- B. Verbal orders should be used as much as possible.
- C. Renewal orders facilitate physician review before continuance of high risk medications.
- D. PRN medications will designate a mandatory number of times the medication is to be administered.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Standing orders state the frequency of medication dosages to be administered or indicate the time frame of administration. Renewal orders require the physician to review medications that have expired orders, as determined by facility policy. Renewal policies facilitate physician verification of the necessity to continue a medication beyond a usual time frame and help ensure patient safety. Single dose and stat orders are not the same. PRN medications are not ordered a mandatory number of times, although a maximum number might be specified. Verbal orders should be avoided whenever possible.
A patient who has chronic liver disease reports contact with a person who has tuberculosis (TB). The nurse will counsel this patient to contact the provider to discuss
- A. a chest x-ray
- B. a TB skin test
- C. liver function tests (LFTs)
- D. prophylactic antitubercular drugs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TB exposure requires a skin test first; chest x-ray follows if positive, and LFTs or prophylaxis aren't initial steps. Patients who have exposure to TB should have a TB skin test.
The nurse is preparing a medication that is new to the market and cannot be found in the nurses drug guide. Where can the nurse get the most reliable information about this medication?
- A. Package insert
- B. Another nurse
- C. Drug manufacturer
- D. Physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most reliable information about the drug can be found on the package insert supplied by the manufacturer because it was prepared according to strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Asking another nurse or the physician is not reliable and cannot be verified as accurate. It would not be realistic to call the drug manufacturer for information.
What concept is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand name drugs?
- A. Bioavailability
- B. Critical concentration
- C. Distribution
- D. Half-life
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand name drug. Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ, which may eliminate a generic drug substitution. Critical concentration is the amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect and should not differ between generic and brand name medications. Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics, which involves the movement of a drug to the body's tissues and is the same in generic and brand name drugs. A drug's half-life is the time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to half the peak level, which should not change when substituting a generic medication.
During what phase of the nursing process would the nurse be required to consider the efficacy of nursing interventions related to drug therapy?
- A. Assessment
- B. Nursing diagnosis
- C. Interventions
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation phase assesses the effectiveness of interventions, including those related to drug therapy.