Nokea
Priority Decision: A patient with diabetes calls the clinic because she is experiencing nausea and flu-like symptoms. Which advice from the nurse will be the best for this patient?
- A. Administer the usual insulin dosage.
- B. Hold fluid intake until the nausea subsides.
- C. Come to the clinic immediately for evaluation and treatment.
- D. Monitor the blood glucose every 1 to 2 hours and call if it rises over 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Illness can cause blood glucose to rise, so the patient should monitor frequently and report if glucose levels exceed 150 mg/dL.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?
- A. Neurohypophysis
- B. Pancreas
- C. Adrenal medulla
- D. Anterior pituitary gland
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the anterior pituitary gland, because it secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary gland is also known as the adenohypophysis, and it plays a key role in regulating various bodily functions through the release of different hormones. The other choices are incorrect because the neurohypophysis (choice A) secretes hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin, the pancreas (choice B) secretes insulin and glucagon, and the adrenal medulla (choice C) secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Myxedema, Graves’ disease, and cretinism are:
- A. hypothyroid disorders.
- B. due to a deficiency of TSH.
- C. disorders of the thyroid gland.
- D. best treated with T3 and/or T4.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Myxedema, Graves' disease, and cretinism are all disorders directly related to the thyroid gland, involving either hypo or hyperactivity. Myxedema and cretinism are hypothyroid disorders, while Graves' disease is a hyperthyroid disorder. Thus, the correct answer is C. Choice A is incorrect as Graves' disease is a hyperthyroid disorder. Choice B is incorrect as these disorders are not solely due to a deficiency of TSH. Choice D is incorrect as treatment can vary depending on the specific disorder and may not always involve T3 and/or T4.
What significant side effect of terazosin should the doctor warn a 69-year-old male patient about?
- A. Bronchospasm
- B. Postural hypotension
- C. Heart failure
- D. Sedation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Postural hypotension. Terazosin is an alpha-1 blocker used to treat hypertension and BPH. Postural hypotension is a common side effect due to vasodilation, causing a sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions. This side effect can lead to dizziness, fainting, and falls, especially in elderly patients. Bronchospasm (A) is not a common side effect of terazosin. Heart failure (C) is not a typical side effect and is unlikely with proper monitoring. Sedation (D) is not a significant side effect of terazosin.
A patient with type 1 diabetes uses 20 U of 70/30 neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH/regular) in the morning and at 6:00 pm. When teaching the patient about this regimen, what should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Hypoglycemia is most likely to occur before the noon meal.
- B. Flexibility in food intake is possible because insulin is available 24 hours a day.
- C. A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia.
- D. Premeal glucose checks are required to determine needed changes in daily dosing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is important to help prevent hypoglycemia, particularly with NPH insulin.
Which change in vital signs would you instruct a nursing assistant to report immediately for a patient with hyperthyroidism?
- A. Increased and rapid heart rate
- B. Decreased systolic blood pressure
- C. Increased respiratory rate
- D. Decreased oral temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased and rapid heart rate is a critical sign of hyperthyroidism and requires immediate reporting, as it could indicate an exacerbation of the condition or potential complications.