Nokea
Priority Decision: The patient with advanced cancer is having difficulty controlling her pain. She says she is afraid she will become addicted to the opioids. What is the first thing the nurse should do for this patient?
- A. Administer a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
- B. Assess the patient’s vital signs and behavior to determine the medication to use
- C. Have the patient keep a pain diary to better assess the patient’s potential addiction
- D. Obtain a detailed pain history including quality,location intensity duration and type of pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A detailed pain history helps tailor pain management strategies and alleviates concerns about addiction.
You may also like to solve these questions
When the clinic nurse starts to take the "air cast" off the grade 2 sprain, the patient asks why it is being removed since he still has pain. Which explanation is best?
- A. "Long-term immobilization can interfere with adequate circulation."
- B. "Long-term immobilization may increase long-term edema."
- C. "Long-term immobilization can cause permanent disability."
- D. "This cast will be replaced with a heavier cast."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because long-term immobilization can indeed cause permanent disability in the case of a grade 2 sprain. Prolonged immobilization can lead to muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, and decreased range of motion, which can result in long-term disability. Choice A is incorrect because adequate circulation is more related to prolonged immobilization, not short-term removal for evaluation. Choice B is incorrect as edema is a short-term concern and not a direct result of long-term immobilization. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication that a heavier cast will be used.
Which condition is associated with granulomas?
- A. Crohn's disease
- B. Grave's disease
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Eczema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crohn's disease. Granulomas are a characteristic feature of Crohn's disease, forming in response to chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Granulomas consist of immune cells and are seen in the affected tissues of Crohn's patients.
Choice B: Grave's disease is an autoimmune condition affecting the thyroid gland, not typically associated with granulomas.
Choice C: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction involving the immune system's response, but it does not lead to granuloma formation.
Choice D: Eczema is a skin condition characterized by inflammation and itching, but it does not typically involve granulomas.
Which type of cell produces antibodies?
- A. Helper T cells
- B. Plasma cells
- C. Cytotoxic T cells
- D. Regulatory T cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies in response to antigens. They are essential in the immune response to help fight off infections and other diseases. Helper T cells (A) assist other immune cells but do not directly produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells (C) are responsible for killing infected cells, not producing antibodies. Regulatory T cells (D) help regulate the immune response but do not produce antibodies. In summary, only plasma cells are specifically designed to produce antibodies in the immune system.
The new parents of an infant born with Down syndrome ask the nurse what happened to cause the chromosomal abnormality. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. During cell division of the reproductive cells there is an error causing an abnormal number of chromosomes.
- B. A mutation in one of the chromosomes created an autosomal recessive gene that is expressed as Down syndrome.
- C. An abnormal gene on one of the two chromosomes was transferred to the fetus, causing an abnormal chromosome.
- D. A process of translocation caused the exchange of genetic material between the two chromosomes in the cell, resulting in abnormal chromosomes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Down syndrome is primarily caused by nondisjunction during meiosis, leading to an extra copy of chromosome 21.
What is the medical term for a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel?
- A. Thrombosis
- B. Embolus
- C. Hemorrhage
- D. Hemostasis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thrombosis. Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel. The process involves the coagulation of blood components to form a clot. This can lead to blockages in blood vessels, potentially causing serious health issues like stroke or heart attack.
Choice B: Embolus refers to a blood clot that has traveled from its original site and lodged in a different blood vessel. Choice C: Hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding. Choice D: Hemostasis refers to the body's process of stopping bleeding, not the formation of a blood clot.