Nokea
Priority Decision: When caring for a patient with metabolic syndrome, what should the nurse give the highest priority to teaching the patient about?
- A. Achieving a normal weight
- B. Eliminating red meat from the diet
- C. Performing daily aerobic exercise
- D. Monitoring the blood glucose periodically
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Achieving and maintaining a normal weight is the highest priority in managing metabolic syndrome and preventing further complications.
You may also like to solve these questions
Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are:
- A. most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.
- B. characteristic of diabetes insipidus.
- C. the consequences of a hormone-secreting tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
- D. indicative of a deficiency of ADH.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A being correct:
1. Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar due to insufficient insulin to regulate glucose levels.
2. Glucosuria is the presence of glucose in urine, indicating excess blood sugar not being reabsorbed.
3. Polyuria is increased urine production due to osmotic diuresis from excess glucose in the urine.
4. Acidosis results from the breakdown of fats in the absence of sufficient glucose utilization.
5. All these symptoms align with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, where insulin deficiency leads to these metabolic disturbances.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to inadequate ADH, not hyperglycemia.
C: Hormone-secreting tumor of beta cells would lead to hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia.
D: ADH deficiency would result in dilute urine and electrolyte imbalances
Diabetes Mellitus Is a Hormonal Condition in Which
- A. Ketone bodies increases in urine
- B. Ketone bodies decreases in urine
- C. Urine becomes more dilute
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: Diabetes Mellitus is a condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production. This leads to increased breakdown of fats for energy, resulting in the production of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are acidic and are excreted in urine, causing ketonuria. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Ketone bodies do not decrease in urine in Diabetes Mellitus.
C: Urine does not become more dilute in Diabetes Mellitus; instead, it may become more concentrated due to increased excretion of glucose and ketone bodies.
D: This choice is incorrect as Diabetes Mellitus does affect urine composition by increasing ketone bodies.
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
- A. Cerebral lateralization
- B. Circadian rhythm
- C. Cellular differentiation
- D. Negative feedback control
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Negative feedback control. This interaction is a classic example of negative feedback control in the endocrine system. Cortisol inhibits the release of ACTH, which in turn reduces the stimulation of cortisol production, creating a feedback loop to maintain hormonal balance. Choice A, cerebral lateralization, refers to the specialization of brain function. Choice B, circadian rhythm, pertains to the 24-hour biological cycle. Choice C, cellular differentiation, involves the process of cells becoming specialized for specific functions. Thus, the correct answer is D because it accurately describes the feedback mechanism at play in the cortisol-ACTH interaction.
Which is a nutritionally essential amino acid?
- A. taunine
- B. leucine
- C. glutamate
- D. alanine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (B - leucine): Leucine is an essential amino acid, meaning it cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, muscle repair, and growth. It is essential for overall health and well-being.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A - taurine: Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid, not nutritionally essential.
C - glutamate: Glutamate is a non-essential amino acid, as the body can synthesize it.
D - alanine: Alanine is a non-essential amino acid, as the body can also produce it.
What manifestations of endocrine problems in the older adult are commonly attributed to the aging process?
- A. Tremors and paresthesias
- B. Fatigue and mental impairment
- C. Hyperpigmentation and oily skin
- D. Fluid retention and hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue and mental impairment are often attributed to normal aging but may indicate an underlying endocrine disorder such as hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency.