Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers

Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers Related

Review Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers related questions and content

Propranolol is useful in the treatment of all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

  • A. Hypertension
  • B. Anxiety
  • C. Heart block
  • D. Angina of effort
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that slows the heart rate and reduces blood pressure. Heart block refers to a condition where the electrical signals in the heart are delayed or blocked. Propranolol can worsen heart block by further slowing down the heart rate, making it inappropriate for this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

A: Propranolol is used to treat hypertension by reducing blood pressure.
B: Propranolol is effective in managing anxiety symptoms by blocking the physical manifestations of anxiety, such as rapid heart rate.
D: Propranolol is beneficial in treating angina of effort by reducing the workload of the heart and improving blood flow to the heart muscle.

In summary, the other choices (A, B, D) are correct uses of propranolol, making C the exception due to its potential to worsen heart block.

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A patient with Alzheimer's disease is taking an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor specifically approved for that indication, primarily because it is quite lipophilic and so enters the CNS well. Which of the following drugs is the patient most likely receiving?

  • A. Donepezil
  • B. Edrophonium
  • C. Neostigmine
  • D. Pyridostigmine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Donepezil. Donepezil is a lipophilic acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for Alzheimer's disease due to its ability to enter the CNS effectively. It enhances cholinergic transmission by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine breakdown. Edrophonium is a short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for diagnostic purposes, not for Alzheimer's treatment. Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine are not lipophilic and are primarily used for myasthenia gravis to enhance muscle strength, not for Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of hormone action?

  • A. plasma membrane permeability changes
  • B. cellular mutations occur
  • C. enzymes are activated or inactivated
  • D. mitosis is stimulated
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: cellular mutations occur. Hormones typically act through binding to specific receptors on target cells to initiate a signaling cascade. This process does not involve inducing mutations in the cell's DNA. Plasma membrane permeability changes, enzyme activation/inactivation, and stimulation of mitosis are all well-established mechanisms of hormone action. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it does not align with the usual mechanisms by which hormones exert their effects.

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

  • A. anterior pituitary
  • B. thyroid
  • C. adrenal medulla
  • D. pancreas
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: pancreas. The pancreas has both endocrine (produces hormones like insulin and glucagon) and exocrine (produces digestive enzymes) functions. This dual role makes it unique among the other options. The anterior pituitary (A) is purely endocrine, producing hormones like growth hormone. The thyroid (B) primarily functions as an endocrine gland, producing hormones like thyroxine. The adrenal medulla (C) is also solely endocrine, secreting hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore, the pancreas is the only organ among the choices that performs both endocrine and exocrine functions.

The endocrine gland(s) that makes insulin is the:

  • A. pancreas
  • B. adrenal glands
  • C. thyroid gland
  • D. pituitary gland
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. It is located near the stomach and plays a crucial role in the endocrine system. The other choices (B: adrenal glands, C: thyroid gland, D: pituitary gland) do not produce insulin. Adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, thyroid gland produces hormones like thyroxine, and the pituitary gland produces various hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. Therefore, the pancreas is the only gland among the options that produces insulin, making it the correct answer.

Which one of the following properties makes labetalol different from nearly all the other β-blockers on the market?

  • A. Also blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors
  • B. Causes strong atropine-like side effects, has same side effects as atropine
  • C. Only blocks β1 receptors
  • D. Safe for asthmatics because it lacks β2 blocking activity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because labetalol is unique among most β-blockers as it also blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors. This dual action results in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as labetalol does not cause atropine-like side effects. Choice C is incorrect as labetalol blocks both β1 and β2 receptors. Choice D is also incorrect as labetalol does have some β2 blocking activity, making it not entirely safe for asthmatics.

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