Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers

Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers Related

Review Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers related questions and content

Hypersecretion of cortisol leads to:

  • A. Addison’s disease
  • B. Cushing’s syndrome
  • C. Acromegaly
  • D. Dwarfism
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. Hypersecretion of cortisol is a hallmark of Cushing's syndrome.
2. Excessive cortisol levels can lead to symptoms like weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.
3. Cushing's syndrome is characterized by an overactive adrenal gland producing too much cortisol.
4. Addison's disease (choice A) is caused by adrenal insufficiency, leading to low cortisol levels.
5. Acromegaly (choice C) is a growth hormone disorder, not related to cortisol.
6. Dwarfism (choice D) is typically due to growth hormone deficiency, not cortisol excess.

Summary:
Choice B is correct because hypersecretion of cortisol is specifically associated with Cushing's syndrome, causing a range of symptoms related to excess cortisol production. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to cortisol hypersecretion.

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Concerning Alpha blockers, which of the following is CORRECT:

  • A. Phentolamine is a selective Alpha1 blocker
  • B. Alpha2 blockers decrease noradrenaline release
  • C. Prazosin can block Alpha1 receptor only
  • D. They decrease both BP and HR
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
C: Prazosin can block Alpha1 receptor only.
- Prazosin is a selective Alpha1 blocker, mainly used for hypertension.
- By blocking Alpha1 receptors, it reduces vasoconstriction and lowers blood pressure.
- Prazosin does not affect Alpha2 receptors, distinguishing it from non-selective Alpha blockers.
- Correct as it accurately describes Prazosin's mechanism of action.

Incorrect:
A: Phentolamine is a non-selective Alpha blocker, affecting both Alpha1 and Alpha2 receptors.
B: Alpha2 blockers increase noradrenaline release by inhibiting the negative feedback control.
D: Alpha blockers typically decrease blood pressure, but can increase heart rate due to vasodilation.

Dopamine and homovanillic acid are secreted in ______________.

  • A. Neuroblastoma
  • B. Adenoma
  • C. Pheochromocytoma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Dopamine and homovanillic acid are neurotransmitters.
2. Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that originates in neuroblasts, which are immature nerve cells.
3. Neuroblastoma can produce neurotransmitters like dopamine and homovanillic acid.
4. Therefore, dopamine and homovanillic acid are secreted in neuroblastoma.

Summary:
- Choice A is correct as neuroblastoma can secrete dopamine and homovanillic acid.
- Choices B and C are incorrect as they are unrelated to the secretion of these neurotransmitters.

Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin?

  • A. Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
  • B. Also called lactogenic hormone.
  • C. Causes the milk let-down reflex.
  • D. Stimulates the neurohypophysis to synthesize oxytocin.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Prolactin is also called lactogenic hormone, as it promotes milk production in the mammary glands.
2. Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the posterior pituitary gland.
3. Milk let-down reflex is primarily controlled by oxytocin, not prolactin.
4. Prolactin does not stimulate the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) to synthesize oxytocin.

Summary:
Choice B is correct because it accurately describes the function of prolactin in promoting lactation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect due to inaccuracies in the functions and secretion of prolactin.

Which is not Na+ dependent for absorption?

  • A. thiamin
  • B. riboflavin
  • C. niacin
  • D. folate
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Folate absorption is not Na+ dependent because it is absorbed in the small intestine through a carrier-mediated process independent of sodium. Thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin require sodium-dependent transport mechanisms for absorption in the small intestine. Thiamin is absorbed through thiamin transporters that are Na+ dependent. Riboflavin is absorbed by sodium-dependent multivitamin transporters. Niacin absorption also involves sodium-dependent transporters. Therefore, folate is the only option that is not Na+ dependent for absorption.

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response?

  • A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
  • B. Insulin and glucagon.
  • C. Esrtogen and progesterone.
  • D. Thyroxin and melatonin.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are released by the adrenal glands during stressful situations to trigger the 'fight-or-flight' response. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy production to prepare the body for action. Insulin and glucagon (B) regulate blood sugar levels. Estrogen and progesterone (C) are female sex hormones. Thyroxin and melatonin (D) are involved in metabolism and sleep regulation, respectively. Therefore, only A directly relates to the physiological response of 'fight-or-flight'.

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